Analysis and visualization of vanadium mineral diversity and distribution

Liu, Chao; Eleish, Ahmed; Hystad, Grethe; Golden, Joshua J.; Downs, Robert T.; Morrison, S. M.; Hummer, Daniel R.; Ralph, Jolyon; Fox, Peter; Hazen, Robert M.

doi:10.2138/am-2018-6274

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Under oxidizing conditions after the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), enhanced V(V) mineral formation and preservation occurred at 2.1–1.7 Ga followed by extensive V(V) and V(IV) mineral formation and preservation 0.7 Ga to present day. The clustering of V mineral‐forming elements reflected these redox changes along with apparent tectonic processes, similar to V mineral clustering by locality described by Liu et al (). The redox state of emerging V minerals responds differently to planetary oxygenation than other proxies, such as redox sensitive metals Mo and Re (Anbar et al, ) or 15 N fractionation (Godfrey & Falkowski, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The evolving redox chemistry and bioavailability of vanadium in deep time

et al. 2020

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The incorporation of metal cofactors into protein active sites and/or active regions expanded the network of microbial metabolism during the Archean eon. The bioavailability of crucial metal cofactors is largely influenced by earth surface redox state, which impacted the timing of metabolic evolution. Vanadium (V) is a unique element in geo–bio‐coevolution due to its complex redox chemistry and specific biological functions. Thus, the extent of microbial V utilization potentially represents an important link between the geo‐ and biospheres in deep time. In this study, we used geochemical modeling and network analysis to investigate the availability and chemical speciation of V in the environment, and the emergence and changing chemistry of V‐containing minerals throughout earth history. The redox state of V shifted from a more reduced V(III) state in Archean aqueous geochemistry and mineralogy to more oxidized V(IV) and V(V) states in the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. The weathering of vanadium sulfides, vanadium alkali metal minerals, and vanadium alkaline earth metal minerals were potential sources of V to the environment and microbial utilization. Community detection analysis of the expanding V mineral network indicates tectonic and redox influence on the distribution of V mineral‐forming elements. In reducing environments, energetic drivers existed for V to potentially be involved in early nitrogen fixation, while in oxidizing environments vanadate (VO43-false]false]>) could have acted as a metabolic electron acceptor and phosphate mimicking enzyme inhibitor. The coevolving chemical speciation and biological functions of V due to earth's changing surface redox conditions demonstrate the crucial links between the geosphere and biosphere in the evolution of metabolic electron transfer pathways and biogeochemical cycles from the Archean to Phanerozoic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The evolving redox chemistry and bioavailability of vanadium in deep time

et al. 2020

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“…The contributions by Fersman [5], Saukov [6], Povarennykh [7], Urusov [8,9], Ivanov and Yushko-Zakharova [10], Khomyakov [11], Yaroshevsky [12], and others should be particularly mentioned. The advent of new digital technologies of big-data analysis revolutionized the field, leading to many important insights into chemical, structural and genetic relations between different groups of minerals and formulation of a new research direction of data-driven discovery in Mineralogy [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium Minerals: Structural and Chemical Diversity and Complexity

2019

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Chemical diversity of minerals containing selenium as an essential element has been analyzed in terms of the concept of mineral systems and the information-based structural and chemical complexity parameters. The study employs data for 123 Se mineral species approved by the International Mineralogical Association as of 25 May 2019. All known selenium minerals belong to seven mineral systems with the number of essential components ranging from one to seven. According to their chemical features, the minerals are subdivided into five groups: Native selenium, oxides, selenides, selenites, and selenates. Statistical analysis shows that there are strong and positive correlations between the chemical and structural complexities (measured as amounts of Shannon information per atom and per formula or unit cell) and the number of different chemical elements in a mineral. Analysis of relations between chemical and structural complexities provides strong evidence that there is an overall trend of increasing structural complexity with the increasing chemical complexity. The average structural complexity for Se minerals is equal to 2.4(1) bits per atom and 101(17) bits per unit cell. The chemical and structural complexities of O-free and O-bearing Se minerals are drastically different with the first group being simpler and the second group more complex. The O-free Se minerals (selenides and native Se) are primary minerals; their formation requires reducing conditions and is due to hydrothermal activity. The O-bearing Se minerals (oxides and oxysalts) form in near-surface environment, including oxidation zones of mineral deposits, evaporites and volcanic fumaroles. From the structural viewpoint, the five most complex Se minerals are marthozite, Cu(UO2)3(SeO3)2O2·8H2O (744.5 bits/cell); mandarinoite, Fe2(SeO3)3·6H2O (640.000 bits/cell); carlosruizite, K6Na4Na6Mg10(SeO4)12(IO3)12·12H2O (629.273 bits/cell); prewittite, KPb1.5ZnCu6O2(SeO3)2Cl10 (498.1 bits/cell); and nicksobolevite, Cu7(SeO3)2O2Cl6 (420.168 bits/cell). The mechanisms responsible for the high structural complexity of these minerals are high hydration states (marthozite and mandarinoite), high topological complexity (marthozite, mandarinoite, carlosruizite, nicksobolevite), high chemical complexity (prewittite and carlosruizite), and the presence of relatively large clusters of atoms (carlosruizite and nicksobolevite). In most cases, selenium itself does not play the crucial role in determining structural complexity (there are structural analogues or close species of marthozite, mandarinoite, and carlosruizite that do not contain Se), except for selenite chlorides, where stability of crystal structures is adjusted by the existence of attractive Se–Cl closed-shell interactions impossible for sulfates or phosphates. Most structurally complex Se minerals originate either from relatively low-temperature hydrothermal environments (as marthozite, mandarinoite, and carlosruizite) or from mild (500–700 °C) anhydrous gaseous environments of volcanic fumaroles (prewittite, nicksobolevite).

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“…Statistical approaches are particularly useful in characterizing surface and near-surface environments where biology and reaction kinetics play a major role in mineral formation and stability, as opposed to the dominance of thermodynamics in the subsurface. Mineral ecological studies employ the MED and Mindat.org to examine and characterize the spatial diversity and distribution of mineral species on planetary bodies (Hazen et al, 2015b(Hazen et al, ,a, 2016(Hazen et al, , 2017bHystad et al, 2015a,b;Grew et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2017aLiu et al, , 2018a. "Mineral species" in this case are those recognized by the IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC), which often does not account for subtle variations in chemistry or formational processes (see section "Natural Kind Clustering").…”

Section: Carbon Mineral Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Carbon Mineral Systems: Recent Advances in C Mineral Evolution, Mineral Ecology, and Network Analysis

et al. 2020

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Large and growing data resources on the spatial and temporal diversity and distribution of the more than 400 carbon-bearing mineral species reveal patterns of mineral evolution and ecology. Recent advances in analytical and visualization techniques leverage these data and are propelling mineralogy from a largely descriptive field into one of prediction within complex, integrated, multidimensional systems. These discoveries include: (1) systematic changes in the character of carbon minerals and their networks of coexisting species through deep time; (2) improved statistical predictions of the number and types of carbon minerals that occur on Earth but are yet to be discovered and described; and (3) a range of proposed and ongoing studies related to the quantification of network structures and trends, relation of mineral "natural kinds" to their genetic environments, prediction of the location of mineral species across the globe, examination of the tectonic drivers of mineralization through deep time, quantification of preservational and sampling bias in the mineralogical record, and characterization of feedback relationships between minerals and geochemical environments with microbial populations. These aspects of Earth's carbon mineralogy underscore the complex coevolution of the geosphere and biosphere and highlight the possibility for scientific discovery in Earth and planetary systems.

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Analysis and visualization of vanadium mineral diversity and distribution

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

The evolving redox chemistry and bioavailability of vanadium in deep time

The evolving redox chemistry and bioavailability of vanadium in deep time

Selenium Minerals: Structural and Chemical Diversity and Complexity

Exploring Carbon Mineral Systems: Recent Advances in C Mineral Evolution, Mineral Ecology, and Network Analysis

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