Analysis and removal of pharmaceutical residues from wastewater using membrane bioreactors: a review

Review of hospital effluents: special emphasis on characterization, impact, and treatment of pollutants and antibiotic resistance

“…In another study, Prasertkulsak et al ( 2016 ) installed a pilot-scale MBR in a hospital in Bangkok, Thailand and the removal efficiencies of BOD 5 and COD were 94.86%, 66.95% and 97.24%, 72.05% during the first and second day respectively. On the other hand and according to other researches, it has been revealed that MBR, due to a higher development of the biomass of different bacteria including the elimination of suspended solids, it also contributes to the elimination of drugs (Femina Carolin et al, 2021 ; Jari et al, 2022 ). A study has shown the results of degradation of some drugs by this type of treatment; an excretion of more than 90% of fluorouracil, 79% of SMZ, and 95% of codeine was noted.…”

Utilizing ultrasonic vibrations to mitigate membrane fouling in domestic wastewater membrane bioreactors: a mini review

“…Since their demonstration in the 1960s, they have paved the way for advanced water treatment schemes, combining membrane filtration's selectivity and superior efficiency with the robust biological treatment of CAS. [5][6][7][8][9] The heart of an MBR system is the bioreactor, which is responsible for biodegradation and the membrane separation module. The membranes used in these systems are divided into (a) microfiltration (MF) and (b) ultrafiltration (UF), and they can be implemented in different configurations: (a) submerged or (b) side-stream.…”

“…[5][6][7][8][9] MBRs are based on combining biodegradation with membrane separation, allowing these reactors to handle high organic and inorganic loadings compared to conventional systems and making them suitable for treating domestic and industrial wastewater. [7][8][9][10][11] However, a significant obstacle preventing their widespread integration is membrane fouling. 3,[5][6][7][8][11][12][13][14] Membrane fouling occurs when suspended or dissolved substances accumulate on the surface of the membrane or within the membrane's pores.…”

Antidepressant drugs as emerging contaminants: Occurrence in urban and non-urban waters and analytical methods for their detection

“…Its use is mostly limited to cases of depression that do not respond to other medications. It has been studied for use in the treatment of bipolar depression (Heijnen et al, 2015). Femina Carolin et al (2020 provided insights on the recent advancements in the removal of pharmaceutical compounds such as tranylcypromine using membrane biological reactors (MBRs).…”