Analysis and quantification of laser-dazzling effects on IR focal plane arrays

Hueber, Nicolas; Denis, Vincent; Morin, Andre; Dieterlen, Alain; Raymond, Pierre

doi:10.1117/12.850236

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…optical diffraction and aberrations, scattering stray light 4 flare, electronics saturation, carrier diffusion effects, gain control weaknesses and image processing weaknesses). 25 Simulated dazzling is initially modelled with a parametric generic black-box model (absence of insight in hardware details), despite the obvious inadequacies of this approach. The design and calibration of the heuristic blackbox dazzling behaviour is based on experimental laboratory observations and published information.…”

Section: Counter-countermeasure Processormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design and calibration of the heuristic blackbox dazzling behaviour is based on experimental laboratory observations and published information. 19,25 The heuristic models are built on observation of events and outcomes, rather than first principles physics modelling. The black-box behaviour will later be replaced with behaviour as verified in hardware, as obtained by laboratory and field experimental work, using the specified missile hardware.…”

Section: Counter-countermeasure Processormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating the DIRCM engagement: component and system level performance

Willers¹,

Willers²

2012

SPIE Proceedings

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The proliferation of a diversity of capable ManPADS missiles poses a serious threat to civil and military aviation. Aircraft self protection against missiles requires increased sophistication as missile capabilities increase. Recent advances in self protection include the use of directed infrared countermeasures (DIRCM), employing high power lamps or lasers as sources of infrared energy. The larger aircraft self-protection scenario, comprising the missile, aircraft and DIRCM hardware is a complex system. In this system, each component presents major technological challenges in itself, but the interaction and aggregate behaviour of the systems also present design difficulties and performance constraints. This paper presents a description of a simulation system, that provides the ability to model the individual components in detail, but also accurately models the interaction between the components, including the play out of the engagement scenario.Objects such as aircraft, flares and missiles are modelled as a three-dimensional object with a physical body, radiometric signature properties and six-degrees-of-freedom kinematic behaviour. The object's physical body is modelled as a convex hull of polygons, each with radiometric properties. The radiometric properties cover the 0.4-14 µm spectral range (wider than required in current technology missiles) and include reflection of sunlight, sky radiance, atmospheric effects as well thermal self-emission. The signature modelling includes accurate temporal variation and spectral descriptions of the object's signature. The object's kinematic behaviour is modelled using finite difference equations. The objects in the scenario are placed and appropriately orientated in a three-dimensional world, and the engagement is allowed to play out.Low-power countermeasure techniques against the missile seekers include jamming (decoying by injecting false signals) and dazzling (blinding the sensor). Both approaches require knowledge of the missile sensor and/or signal processing hardware. Simulation of jamming operation is achieved by implementing the missile-specific signal processing in the simulation (i.e. accurate white-box modelling of actual behaviour). Simulation of dazzling operation is more difficult and a parametric black-box modelling approach is taken. The design and calibration of the black-box dazzling behaviour is done by heuristic modelling based on experimental observations. The black-box behaviour can later be replaced with verified behaviour, as obtained by experimental laboratory and field work, using the specified missile hardware.The task of simulating a DIRCM system is scoped, by considering the threats, operational requirements and detailed requirements of the respective models. A description is given of the object models in the simulation, including key performance parameters of the models and a brief description of how these are implemented. The paper closes with recommendations for future research and simulation investigations.

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Section: Counter-countermeasure Processormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Counter-countermeasure Processormentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the DIRCM engagement: component and system level performance

Willers¹,

Willers²

2012

SPIE Proceedings

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“…The algorithm was based on correlation 8 or Fourier descriptors 9 . Hueber and coworkers also used pattern recognition algorithms for the quantification of laser dazzling efficiency in the case of thermal imagers 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection performance evaluation regarding imaging sensors hardened against laser dazzling

Ritt

Körber

Förster³

et al. 2014

SPIE Proceedings

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Electro-optical imaging sensors are widely distributed and used for many different tasks in military operations and civil security. However, their operational capability can be easily disturbed by laser radiation. The likeliness of such an incidence has dramatically increased in the past years due to the free availability of high-power laser pointers. These laser systems, offering laser powers of several watts, pose an increased risk to the human eye as well as to electro-optical sensors. An adequate protection of electro-optical sensors against dazzling is highly desirable. Such protection can be accomplished with different technologies; however, none of the existing technologies can provide a sufficient protection. All current protection measures possess individual advantages and disadvantages. We present the results on the performance of two different protection technologies. The evaluation is based on automatic optical pattern recognition of sensor images taken from a scene containing triangles

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“…The algorithm was based on either correlation 9 or Fourier descriptors. 10 Hueber et al 11 also used pattern recognition algorithms to quantify laser dazzling of thermal imagers.…”

Section: Pattern Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of protection measures against laser dazzling for imaging sensors

Ritt

Eberle

2017

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. We present our work regarding the evaluation of protection measures against laser dazzling for imaging devices. Different approaches for the evaluation of dazzled sensor images are investigated to estimate the loss of information due to the dazzle spot: (1) counting the number of overexposed pixels, (2) based on triangle orientation discrimination, and (3) using the structural similarity index. The evaluation approaches are applied on experimental data obtained with two different sensors hardened against laser dazzling. The hardening concept of the first sensor is based on the combination of a spatial light modulator and wavelength multiplexing. This protection concept allows spatially and spectrally resolved suppression of laser radiation within the sensor's field-of-view. The hardening concept of the second sensor utilizes the principle of "complementary bands." The optical setup resembles a common three-chip camera, with the difference that dedicated filters with steep edges replace the regular spectral band filters. Although this concept does not really represent a "protection measure," it allows the sensor to provide information even in laser dazzling situations. The data for the performance evaluation were acquired both in a laboratory setup using test charts comprising triangles of different size and orientation as well as in field trials. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Analysis and quantification of laser-dazzling effects on IR focal plane arrays

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Simulating the DIRCM engagement: component and system level performance

Simulating the DIRCM engagement: component and system level performance

Protection performance evaluation regarding imaging sensors hardened against laser dazzling

Evaluation of protection measures against laser dazzling for imaging sensors

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