Analysis and prediction of single-phase and two-phase cooling characteristics of intermittent sprays

An experimentally-verified temperature control simulation model for spray evaporative cooling of vibrating powertrain parts

“…Thus, for negative proportional PID controller, it was concluded that the shift between these two trends of heat transfer could have resulted in a further increase in the test piece surface temperature and therefore a reduced settling time. Moreover, a negative proportional gain which resulted in having a higher volumetric flow rate during the rise time, would suppress the effect of vibration frequency due to a higher droplet velocity, which is consistent with the experimental results in [51]. This means that a negative PID proportional gain controller could be more reliable and adaptive to dynamic conditions including with highfrequency vibration.…”

Temperature control of vibrating heat-generating hardware using spray evaporative cooling in the nucleate boiling region

“…The second question concerns other possible control solutions such as controlling the nozzle-tosurface distance, changing the degrees of subcooling [67], introducing a pulsating spray flow field [68,69], to control either volumetric flux or flow-rate. Control of the nozzle-to-surface distance is not fast enough owing to the need for a mechanical mechanism in the form of a micro positioning slide [66]. The inertia of the feed heaters does not allow for rapid change in the inlet temperature required to control the degrees of subcooling.…”