An experimentally-verified temperature control simulation model for spray evaporative cooling of vibrating powertrain parts

Temperature control of vibrating heat-generating hardware using spray evaporative cooling in the nucleate boiling region

“…However, in a thermal management problem, a successfully tuned controller itself can compensate for the errors associated with using a correlation fitted to one nozzle, to act as a plant model for a different nozzle. This claim has been verified in [47], where the same correlation used in this study (i.e. equation (1), which is for a UNIJET nozzle) has been used as the plant model for two PJ nozzles.…”

“…But if hysteresis is observed, the best control approach might be to advance or delay the controller output during the rise and fall time. Evidence of hysteresis in measured heat flux during surface cooling and heating can be found in the publication by Jose et al [47] for a test piece with a three-dimensional surface (i.e. figures 16-19 in [47]).…”

“…Evidence of hysteresis in measured heat flux during surface cooling and heating can be found in the publication by Jose et al [47] for a test piece with a three-dimensional surface (i.e. figures 16-19 in [47]). But using the same correlations as currently reported, a tuned-controller with different gains, is able to meet the temperature control requirements in the presence of hysteresis.…”

“…It is also suggested in [56] that the difference in heat flux, using an array of 48 nozzles (to cool a 'large' rectangular surface of dimensions 2.54 cm x 7.60 cm), was only around 30 per cent, compared with using a single-nozzle spray (to cool a smaller rectangular surface of dimensions 1 cm x 2 cm). Moreover, in a study published in [47], it is shown that construction of a practical simulation is possible. Namely, a dynamic correlation model for single-nozzle spray evaporative cooling of a flat test-piece exposed to vibration (equation ( 1)), can be used as a reasonable model for multiple-nozzle spray evaporative cooling of component parts with curved cooling surfaces in non-horizontal orientation.…”

“…Namely, a dynamic correlation model for single-nozzle spray evaporative cooling of a flat test-piece exposed to vibration (equation ( 1)), can be used as a reasonable model for multiple-nozzle spray evaporative cooling of component parts with curved cooling surfaces in non-horizontal orientation. The simulation approach in [47] advancing what was achieved in [57].…”