Analysis and performance evaluation of RPL under mobility

Cobarzan, Cosmin; Montavont, Julien; Noël, Thomas

doi:10.1109/iscc.2014.6912471

Cited by 61 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These protocols are the original RPL (OR-RPL), Co-RPL [10], ME-RPL [12], and the reverse trickle timer algorithm (RT-RPL) [11]. We used four performance metrics to evaluate the efficiency of these protocols: (1) packet delivery ratio; (2) number of dropped packets; (3) average end-to-end delay; and (4) number of control packets.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Mobility Enhancements for RPL in Convergecast Scenarios

Wang

Chalhoub

2017

Future Internet

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Abstract:In recent years, mobility support has become an important requirement in various wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. However, due to the strict resource constraints of power, memory, and processing resources in WSNs, routing protocols are mainly designed without considering mobility. Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) are a special type of WSNs that tolerate data loss. The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is a routing protocol for LLNs that adapts IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) and runs on top of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.15.4 standard. RPL supports multipoint-to-point traffic and point-to-multipoint traffic. In this paper we propose a mobility enhancement mechanism in order to improve data collection applications in highly mobile scenarios. The enhancement is based on signal strength monitoring and depth updating in order to improve the routing protocol performance in mobile scenarios. This enhancement helps routing protocols to cope better with topology changes and makes proactive decisions on updating next-hop neighbours. We integrated this mechanism into the RPL and compared it with other existing RPL mobility support enhancements. Results obtained through simulation using Cooja show that our work outperforms other existing RPL mobility supports on different performance metrics. Results also prove the efficiency of our proposal in highly mobile scenarios.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cobarzan et al [11] proposed a new version of the trickle algorithm (reverse trickle timer) in order to allow mobile nodes to move seamlessly into a routing topology and limit overhead at the same time. They modified DAO by introducing a mobility flag (MF) in order to help other nodes identify mobile nodes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Mobility Enhancements for RPL in Convergecast Scenarios

Wang

Chalhoub

2017

Future Internet

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“…The authors in [12] proposed analysis of RPL under mobility using a reverse trickle algorithm. According to their proposal, mobile nodes are preconfigured with a mobility flag and are set to act as leaf nodes to make sure they do not participate in the DODAG building process.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic RPL for multi-hop routing in IoT applications

Kharrufa

Al-Kashoash

Al-Nidawi

et al. 2017

2017 13th Annual Conference on Wireless on-Demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)

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Abstract-The Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) has become the standard routing protocol for the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper investigates the use of RPL in dynamic networks and presents an enhanced RPL for different applications with dynamic mobility and diverse network requirements. This implementation of RPL is designed with a new dynamic Objective-Function (D-OF) to improve the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay and energy consumption while maintaining low packet overhead and loop-avoidance. We propose a controlled reverse-trickle timer based on received signal strength identification (RSSI) readings to maintain high responsiveness with minimum overhead and consult the objective function when a movement or an inconsistency is detected to help nodes make an informed decision. Simulations are done using Cooja with random waypoint mobility scenario for healthcare applications considering multi-hop routing. The results show that the proposed dynamic RPL (D-RPL) adapts to the nodes mobility and has a higher PDR, slightly lower end-to-end delay and reasonable energy consumption compared to related existing protocols.

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“…Solutions for this case are not specified in the standard nor, to the best of our knowledge, realized in publicly-available reference implementations. Moreover, the under-specification in the standard is a problem also for multipoint-to-point; recent studies (e.g., [8]) show that currently implemented RPL mechanisms fail to rapidly detect when the preferred parent of a mobile node becomes unreachable as it moves, leading to high packet loss.…”

Section: B Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

RPL: The Routing Standard for the Internet of Things... Or Is It?

et al. 2016

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Abstract-RPL, the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks, is considered the de facto routing protocol for the Internet of Things (IoT). Since its standardization, RPL contributed to the advancement of communications in the world of tiny, embedded, networking devices, by providing, along with other standards, a baseline architecture for IoT. Several years later, we analyze the extent to which RPL lived up to the expectations defined by the IETF requirements, and tie our analysis to current trends, identifying the challenges RPL must face to remain on the forefront of IoT technology.

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Analysis and performance evaluation of RPL under mobility

Cited by 61 publications

References 11 publications

Study of Mobility Enhancements for RPL in Convergecast Scenarios

Study of Mobility Enhancements for RPL in Convergecast Scenarios

Dynamic RPL for multi-hop routing in IoT applications

RPL: The Routing Standard for the Internet of Things... Or Is It?

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