Analysis and optimization of relevant parameters of blade coating and gravure printing processes for the fabrication of highly efficient organic solar cells

Charge transport model for photovoltaic devices based on printed polymer: Fullerene nanoparticles

“…These devices are often fabricated using printing [3][4][5][6][7][8] and coating techniques that are compatible with flexible substrates enabling progress towards lowcost high speed production methods [9][10][11]. The optimization of bulk heterojunction solar cells based on polymer:fullerene blends lead to recent reports of high performance, reaching up to 10% power conversion efficiencies (PCE) [12][13][14].…”

Spray coating methods for polymer solar cells fabrication: A review

“…Blade coating has the advantage of exhibiting largearea uniformity, small amount of material waste, preventing of interlayer dissolution, compatibility to a roll-to-roll fabrication, as well as a more economical use of active material while still giving the possibility to prepare welldefined films [6,17,42]. A rapid drying process in the blade coating method will prevent fabrication throughput from being slowed by the conventional solvent annealing process [42].…”

“…Thus, they concluded that such methods do not need any post-production treatment, such as solvent annealing and thermal annealing, to produce the desired ordered and interpenetrating morphology in polymer films. Schneider et al [17] conducted a systematic study on the relevant parameters of the doctor blading process such as preparation atmosphere, coating temperature, evaporation rate, solvents and active layer thickness. They found that like other methods for preparing PSC, this method also leads to exposure to photooxidation when prepared under atmospherics conditions.…”

“…Blade coating [5,6], spin coating [7][8][9], spray coating [10][11][12][13][14][15], dip coating [1], screen printing [16], gravure printing [17], and ink-jet printing [18][19][20] are among the methods used to fabricate the PSC. Table 1 lists the previous researches on PSC prepared using different methods.…”

Gravure‐Printed ZnO in Fully Roll‐to‐Roll Printed Inverted Organic Solar Cells: Optimization of Adhesion and Performance

“…However, printingm ethods (i.e., 2D deposition) such as gravure,f lexographic, screen, or inkjet printing allow freedom of design, thus enablingp atterned and decorative structures for the solar cells.S uch decorative patterns would enable the productiono fn ovel devices,t hrough which the uniquep roperties of organic solar cells could be fully exploited. [13] Though (partly) printed conventional solar cells have been studied extensively, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] the research on the fully printed inverted solar cells has been active only for af ew years. [22][23][24] By "fully printed", we refer to structures that are patterned with 2D printingt echnologies only,e xcluding for example, slot-die coating.…”