Analysis and modeling of modified styrene–acrylonitrile/carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanocomposites filled with graphene and graphene oxide: Interfacial interaction and nonlinear elastoplastic behavior

Abstract

Nonlinear elastoplastic behavior of the nanocomposites based on the styreneacrylonitrile/carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (SAN/XNBR) blend was investigated using experimental and theoretical analysis. Graphene, graphene oxide nanoparticles, and glycidyl methacrylate-grafted-XNBR (XNBR-g-GMA) as a compatibilizer were incorporated in the SAN/XNBR blends. In this regard, the focus of this study is on modeling of the stress-strain behavior of these nanocomposites, considering the effect of the interfacial interactions made by compatibilizer. For this purpose, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques were used to investigate the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of nanocomposites. In addition, FESEM and TEM images showed that the presence of a compatibilizer could influence the dispersion and localization of the nanoparticles. According to the tensile test results, the presence of the compatibilizer increased the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, specifically elongation at break. Considering the nanocomposite containing compatibilizer and graphene oxide, the elongation at break increased about 570% compared with the nanocomposite without compatibilizer. Better dispersion of graphene oxide and the creation of chemical interaction among components in the presence of the XNBR-g-GMA compatibilizer could be the reasons for these improvements, as confirmed by TEM. The usage of the Bergstrom-Boyce model for analyzing the nonlinear elastoplastic behavior of the nanocomposites illustrated proper conformity with the experimental data in the elastic region. However, there are some deviations in the viscoplastic region, particularly close to the breaking elongation region.

Reinforcement of styrene‐acrylonitrile polymer bulk with glass nanofibers to introduce photoluminescent bricks

“…25 Thus, it has been employed in diverse uses such as appliances, consumer goods, packaging, electrical products, medical tools, and automotives. [26][27][28] Nanofibers have been incorporated into polymer bulks as reinforcement agents, producing nanofiber-reinforced composite materials with improved mechanical properties. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Both of aerospace and automotive industrial sectors are two examples that have benefited from the widespread uses of nanofiberreinforced plastics.…”

Compatibilization of Immiscible PA6/PLA Nanocomposites Using Graphene Oxide and PTW Compatibilizer for High Thermal and Mechanical Applications

“…So far, several studies have been conducted on the use of fillers such as nanoscale graphene to improve the properties of polyamides [37]. This improvement includes strengthening the mechanical properties, reducing the permeability and better flame retardancy [38][39][40][41][42]. Studies have shown that nanoparticles with high aspect ratio have complex effects such as lamination.…”

Structural, mechanical, and thermal features of PVA/starch/graphene oxide nanocomposite enriched with WO3 as gamma–ray radiation shielding materials for medical applications

“…GO is employed to prepare reduced GO and enhance the physical properties of polymeric composites. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The thermal and mechanical characteristics of a PVA/starch matrix have been improved using GO because its chemical structure with OH and COOH groups can regulate the film's shape and aggregation by a chemical combination. 13,27 Actacid orange RL (AO-RL) dye was removed using different polymeric-GO nanocomposites, such as GO/polypyrrole, GO/polyaniline, and GO/polystyrene.…”

“…Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the graphene derivatives, a two‐dimensional (2D) carbonaceous flake containing various active functional groups, such as carboxyl and hydroxyl. GO is employed to prepare reduced GO and enhance the physical properties of polymeric composites 19–26 . The thermal and mechanical characteristics of a PVA/starch matrix have been improved using GO because its chemical structure with OH and COOH groups can regulate the film's shape and aggregation by a chemical combination 13,27 .…”