Analysis and measures for energy savings in operating theaters

Abstract

In hospitals, the energy demand of the different areas can be divided in form of thermal energy, cooling and electricity. The complexity of the energy system of each structure may be different from hospital to hospital as well as to the volume of manufactured. In fact, the energy demand is closely related to:-health activities that take place in it; -its geographical location; -the structural type and adopted plant The use of different type of energy sources is due to the implementation of different technology options and then to specific operating costs and levels of different issues.In the graphs below (Figure 1 and 2) is shown the values and percentages of annual energy demand required for two different hospitals located in the northern of Italy, respectively: Zucchi Clinic (MB) and the City of Pavia Care Institute (PV) -Reference year 2012.The energy demand for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is equal to 45% for the first structure and of 69% for the second structure analyzed.It denotes in both cases, that this request always results in a higher percentage than all other requests and in the case of the care institute City of Pavia, the contribution percentage is higher of 50% higher.Taking into consideration the same study, conducted for the Zucchi clinic and the City of Pavia health institution, also ensures that the demand for natural gas (methane gas) for technological uses is particularly relevant to the request for HVAC uses, and then for technological uses. In fact, the following charts (Figure 3 and 4) show that the demand for natural gas is higher in the winter months with a INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND TECHNOLOGY ABSTRACTIn hospital, air conditioning and air treatment systems are of great importance both for functional and energetic point of view. In fact, these systems must guarantee the conditions of hygrothermal air quality and comfort for people (patients, staff, visitors), but also meet the operational requirements related to the medical activities in specific environments or departments. In particular, diagnosis and surgical activities request to ensure a high air quality conditions in order to ensure the appropriate environments of asepsis and hygiene [1][2][3]. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible energy saving solutions to optimize and reduce energy demand [4][5] in the health facilities. Particular attention is focused to the operating theaters, which, because of the type of technological systems used, have a major impact on energy demand the entire healthcare facility.

Smart energy solution for an optimised sustainable hospital in the green city of NEOM

“…Moreover, now that a hybrid micro grid model of the hospital has been developed, new hospital models under various circumstances may be built to compare the alterations between them. In addition, using materials at low energy consumptions (using smart windows) [32], using systems to recover the heat [33] and designing mechanism to monitor the air pollutants in proximity of hospitals [34] are other possible methods to increase the sustainability of these structures. These alterations might include load demand and economic constraints or hospital hybrid configurations that have certain load related problems, which would alter their components' resources.…”

Investigation on the Regeneration and Corrosion Characteristics of an Anodized Aluminum Plate Regenerator

“…The subscript 1 and 2 correspond to two different kinds of liquid. After selecting two kinds of liquid with known dispersion and polar force and measuring their contact angles on solid surface, the dispersion and polar force of solid surface can be acquired and so does the surface energy by adopting Equation (10). In present study, we chose water and n-hexadecane as the two kinds of liquid and their dispersion and polar force are illustrated in Table 3.…”

“…Finally, the economic analysis on the LDCS was also presented. In addition to the experimental exploration of the regeneration performance of a counter flow packed bed regenerator [9], Cannistraro et al [10] used regenerators in hospital air treatment systems, where more ventilation flow rates and considerable energy consumption were required. Liu et al [11] also analyzed two kinds of regeneration modes: hot air and hot desiccant.…”

Assessing the Energy Demand Reduction in a Surgical Suite by Optimizing the HVAC Operation During Off-Use Periods

“…Likewise, Febrero-Garrido et al suggest that energy savings up to 51% are achievable in a Spanish hospital by reducing the ventilation rates by half while complying with airborne particle standards [38]. In turn, the use of air recirculation is supported by most of the current standards in the design of HVAC systems for ORs [39]. Thus, it has been recently estimated that the energy demand of a conventional Spanish OR may be lowered by 55% if the fresh air intake is reduced to 50% of the total ACH [40], which is the highest recirculation rate contemplated in the Spanish standard [41].…”