Analysis and identification of the hidden relationships between effective factors in the mortality rate caused by road accidents: A case study of Fars Province, Iran

Abstract

Purpose An analysis and identification of the hidden relationships between effective factors in the mortality rate caused by road accidents in Fars Province of Iran to prevent and reduce traffic accidents in the future. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted to integrate all the pervious researches performed on mortality rate of road traffic accidents in Fars Province from March 21, 2013 to March 20, 2017. In order to reveal the relationships between the factors affecting mortality rates of road traffic accidents, the data regarding road traffic accidents extracted from resources such as Legal Medicine Organization, Traffic Police, Accident & Emergency Department, as well as Department of Roads and Urban Development of Fars Province, then cleaned and the applicable attributes embedded in the data all aggregated for further analysis. It should be noted that the data not related to Fars Province were deleted, the data analyzed, converted and the aggregation between various attributes identified. The aggregation between these different attributes as well as the FP-growth algorithm and two indexes of support and confidence calculated and interesting and effective rules extracted. In the end, several accident-provoking factors, the degree of consecutive and interdependence of each one in road accidents identified and introduced. The statistical analysis was conducted by using Rapid Miner software. Results Of the 6216 people dead due to road traffic accidents, 4865 (79.02%) were male and 1292 (20.98%) were female, 59 of them have no clear gender. The largest portion of people died of road traffic accidents belonged to married and self-employed men who collided with motorcycles in autumn. Moreover, young individuals (aged 19–40 years) with secondary educational level who died of accidents in summer at 12:00 a.m. and then 5:00 p.m. in outer city main roads of Kazerun-Shiraz, then Darab-Shiraz, Fasa-Darab and in within-city main streets had the highest mortality rates. Among women, the middle-aged group (aged 41–65 years) followed by young-aged group (aged 19–40 years) with elementary educational level and then illiterate accounted for the highest mortality rate of road traffic accidents. The automobiles involved in accidents included Pride, Peugeot 405, Peykan pickup, Samand, Peugeot Pars, other vehicles and motorcycles. Conclusion The high mortality rate of illiterate and low-literate in various age groups indicates that educational level plays a crucial role as a factor in road accidents, requiring related organizations such as Traffic Police and Ministry of Education to take necessary measures and policies.

<p>Socio-Demographic Determinants of Road Traffic Fatalities in Women of Reproductive Age in the Republic of Georgia: Evidence from the National Reproductive Age Mortality Study (2014)</p>

“…Another notable finding of our study pertains to the nonsignificant rural-urban gradient in RTI mortality. Our observation replicates the results from the earlier Norwegian cohort study, disproving the rural-urban disparities in any type of fatal road crashes among young female car occupants aged 16-20 years, 50 while appears to be at odds with reports from South Iran 47 and India, 23 with the latter indicating 50% higher risk of premature (<70 years) pedestrian death in urban than in rural areas. In support of this trend, available evidence from various contexts, including the FSU, emphasizes urban areas as the persistently higher risk locations for all transport mode injuries, but particularly for severe and fatal pedestrian trauma, likely driven by more intense traffic exposure due to high traffic volume and a roadway hazardous environment (eg, the complexity of the intersections, high levels of on-street parking, amongst others).…”

“…54 The similar flat educational gradient has been also documented among the adult drivers' cohort in New Zealand. 55 However, our finding is discordant with the previous evidence showing the excess risk of fatal injuries in undereducated individuals, as seen among Swiss adults, particularly pedestrians (two-fold), 36 the US female car occupants aged 25-64 (three-fold), 39 and young (19-40 years) and middle-aged (41-65 years) South Iranian illiterate women, 47 alongside a plethora of other observational studies, suggesting socially patterned exposure and susceptibility to traffic injuries as the most likely mechanisms underpinning reported mortality inequalities. 3,7,9,11,43,55,56 It has been hypothesized that, apart from higher reliance on unsafe forms of transportation, less educated people may face the attitude and behavioral problems, possibly shaped by their limited knowledge of rules and regulations, precluding them to read and understand road signs or use protective devices, while further instigated by the lack of awareness and poorer appreciation of related risks or ability to translate this information in real actions.…”

“…23 Moreover, the study from South Iran documented the greater involvement of female housekeepers in fatal pedestrian crashes, likely reflecting the gender roles of males and females in this country, with women being far less likely than men to participate in the labor market. 47 The most striking finding from our study is related to the strong positive effect of accumulated wealth on the odds of road traffic crash, with more affluent women tending to sustain fatal RTI to a greater extent than their less well-off peers.…”

“…46 Alternatively, the cross-sectional study in South Iran identified young and middle-aged married women to be disproportionately involved in fatal road crashes. 47 Interestingly, the literature increasingly highlights the upward trend in injuries sustained by pregnant women in traffic crashes, even with the diluted gradient in fatalities between pregnant and non-pregnant women, as evinced in the Swedish national population-based retrospective study. 48,49 Research suggests the rising number of miles driven by pregnant women and concurrent misuse or underuse of seat belts for fear of harm to their fetus as the main underlying mechanisms behind this trend, making motor vehicle collisions the leading cause of injury-related maternal fatalities and fetal death in the US.…”

A Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) and Type-2 Fuzzy Approach to Measuring the Impact of Speed Perception on Motor Vehicle Crash Involvement

“…Further, approximately 30 to 50 million people are either injured or permanently disabled every year. Moreover, MVCs cause great financial havoc of $518 billion every year and thus costing countries from 1% to 2% of their GDP (Ashraf et al, 2019;Lotfi et al, 2019). However, more than 85% of crashes' fatalities and injuries occurred in developing countries (Al-Rukaibi et al, 2020).…”