Analysis and design of wet-steam stages

Key components for Carnot Battery: Technology review, technical barriers and selection criteria

“…Turbines can give very low efficiencies and the possibility of elevated moisture content in the expanding fluid, leading to erosion of the turbine blades. The Baumann rule [99] suggests that turbine efficiencies decrease by 1% when there is a 1% increase in liquid mass fraction after expansion. Frate et al [100] concluded that different fluid inlet qualities lead to different volume ratios.…”

“…Adopting open compressors and separating hood compressors [79] b. Adopting hermetic compressors with aluminium windings [99] --…”

Numerical and experimental study of droplet-film-interaction for low pressure steam turbine erosion protection applications

“…This primary fog initially exhibits a small inertia and is thus able to follow the vapour phase into the downstream blade passages. However, increasing velocity slip between the phases and other mechanisms (Senoo and White, 2017) allow the primary fog to deposit on vane and blade surfaces to form a liquid water film. Driven by the shear of the surrounding vapour phase, gravity (stationary vanes) and centrifugal force (rotating blades), the film flows towards the trailing edge where eventually droplets are shed.…”