“…Bao et al (2019) show that the equilibrium with a tradable credit scheme may not be unique for particular models of traffic congestion, including the first-best solution for the conventional Vickrey's bottleneck model. Liu et al (2020) examine properties of a TCS in a departure time context using a day-today modeling framework and a trip-based MFD model of traffic congestion, and Chen et al (2021) examine market design aspects of the TCS, including allocation and expiration of tokens, price adjustment, regulator intervention, and the role of transaction fees. Finally, Brands et al (2020) conduct an interesting lab-in-the-field experiment of tradable credit schemes with virtual mobility behavior and real financial incentives.…”