Analysis and Application of a Parallel E-Class Amplifier as RF Plasma Source

Peña‐Eguiluz, R.; Pérez-Martínez, J.A.; López-Callejas, Régulo; Mercado-Cabrera, A.; Pacheco, Josué Raymundo Solís; Aguilar-Uscanga, Blanca Rosa; Muñoz-Castro, A.E.; Valencia-Alvarado, R.; Barocio-Delgado, S.; Rodríguez-Méndez, B G; Piedad‐Beneitez, A. de la

doi:10.1109/tps.2010.2059048

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…reticulatus) surface, observing that it was very efficient in reducing the microbial load on the surfaces of these fruits [9]. e discharges of plasma, within both a parallel plate and a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBDR), at atmospheric pressure with a He-air gas mixture at a 1.5 L/ min flow, have been successfully applied to bacteria removal in short periods of time processing [14][15][16][17][18]. Nonthermal plasma has been also applied to inactivate Staphylococcus aureus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, exposing the cells under a flow of 1.5 L/min of a He-air gas mixture and 850 V, generated by nonthermal plasma with a DBDR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Application of Cold Plasma Energy on the Inactivation of Microorganisms, Proteins, and Lipids Deterioration in Adobera Cheese

Uscanga

Calderón‐Santoyo

Sánchez

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Quality

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Cheeses are perishable foods that must fulfill sanitary and quality requirements according to the parameters established globally. Plasma as a nonthermal inactivation technique has been a current research topic for food preservation, so the objective of this work was to study the effect of plasma energy against microorganisms in Adobera cheese (traditional Mexican cheese) as well as evaluate the possible degradation of lipids and protein. 108 CFU/mL of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella ATCC13076, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 were inoculated at 0.5 g of Adobera cheese and were subjected to an energy of 30 volts, in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBDR) at intervals of times 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 min. A flow of a mixture of air and helium at 96% purity was used. The decimal reduction time (D) was determined, and the oxidation of proteins and lipids was analyzed after each treatment. The results showed an annihilating effect of plasma on the indicator bacteria under study, and a reduction of 5 logarithmic cycles was obtained. The maximum degree of lipid oxidation was 23 acid degree values (ADV) after 7 min of exposure to plasma. The oxidation of proteins showed a direct and proportional relationship between the formation of carbonyl groups with the percentage significant loss to the concentration of carbonyl groups with the concentration of protein oxidation, after 3 min of exposure to cold plasma levels of 82% and 99% oxidation of Adobera cheese protein and free casein, respectively. We conclude that the plasma energy applied to Adobera cheese is an effective treatment to inactivate bacteria. However, there is the possibility of causing changes in taste and odor, due to the release of fatty acids and the oxidation of proteins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Application of Cold Plasma Energy on the Inactivation of Microorganisms, Proteins, and Lipids Deterioration in Adobera Cheese

Uscanga

Calderón‐Santoyo

Sánchez

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Quality

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“…Class-E power amplifiers (PA) are used in many RF applications, such as biotelemetry [1], plasma generation [2], wireless power transmission [3,4], dedicated short-range communications [5], magnetic resonant imaging [6], induction heater systems [7] and street-lighting [8]. This PA is attractive in applications that demand high power consumption, because it achieves a theoretical power efficiency of 100%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Soft-Switching Tuning Effect on the Figures of Merit Involved in the Design of a Class-E Amplifier with Finite DC-Feed Inductance

et al. 2021

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This paper explores the design of a Class-E amplifier with finite DC-feed inductance using three tuning methods. Furthermore, this work quantifies the impacts of the tuning process (referred to in this paper as the tuning effect) on the main figures of merit (FoMs) of this amplifier. The tuning goals were to guarantee two conditions: zero voltage and zero voltage derivative switching (i.e., soft-switching tuning). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, systematic tuning methods have not been analyzed before for this amplifier topology. Two of them are based on the iterative component tuning process, and they have been explored previously in the design of the conventional class-E amplifier with an RF choke inductance. The last tuning method explores the simultaneous adjustment of the control signal period and one amplifier capacitor. The analyzed tuning methods were validated by extensive simulations of case studies, which were designed following the power specifications of the Qi standard. In 100% and 96% of the case studies, zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-derivative voltage switching (ZDS) were achieved, respectively. Furthermore, we identified an unexpected behavior in the tuning process (referred to in this paper as the turning point), which consisted of a change of the expected trend of the soft-switching (i.e., ZVS and ZDS) point, and it occurred in 21% of the case studies. When this behavior occurred and converged to at least ZVS, the tuning process required more iterations and a large number of tuning variables. Additionally, after the tuning process, the total harmonic distortion and output power capacity were improved (i.e., in 78% and 61% of the case studies, respectively), whereas the output power, drain and added power efficiencies deteriorated (i.e., in 83%, 61% and 65% of the case studies, respectively) in the overall case studies. However, we could not identify an improvement in the overall FoMs related to the soft-switching tuning. Furthermore, the tuning impact was significant and produced some improvements and some deleterious effects for the FoMs in each case study, without a clear trend by FoMs or by tuning method. Therefore, the amplifier designer may choose the more favorable tuning method and the related FoM trade-offs for the required design specifications.

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A concise high‐efficiency broadband parallel‐circuit Class‐E power amplifier

Lu,

Jiang,

Zhang

2024

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SummaryAn analysis of a single‐ended high‐efficiency broadband parallel‐circuit (PC) Class‐E power amplifier (PA) with a single reactance compensation technique (RCT) and low‐pass (LP) Chebyshev impedance transformer is first presented under low supply voltage. Analysis of the gate and drain voltage allows to determine the required optimum voltage values for the expected PA design objectives. Derivation and design procedure of the broadband matching network (MN) is provided, which can effectively filter out higher order harmonics and reduce circuit complexity. In addition, the load adaptability for this PA is studied, achieving higher than 67.87% drain efficiency (DE) in the case of load mismatch. A PC Class‐E PA based on NMOS transistor is designed and implemented to validate the analysis over a frequency band of 7–9.4 MHz. Experimental results show that the PA delivers 36.48–38.83 dBm output power with a DE of 84.91% to 86.91%, as well as achieves 83.98% to 86.28% power‐added efficiency (PAE), 19.48–21.83 dB gain with a low supply voltage of 12 V. It is also demonstrated that the experimental results exhibit good agreement with the simulation results, which prototype the radio frequency identification transmitter with broadband high‐efficiency and system compactness. To the author's knowledge, this study represents the first approach to design broadband PC Class‐E PA under low supply voltage for Internet of Things (IoT) applications at HF frequency band, such as electronic article surveillance (EAS) system.

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Analysis and Application of a Parallel E-Class Amplifier as RF Plasma Source

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of the Application of Cold Plasma Energy on the Inactivation of Microorganisms, Proteins, and Lipids Deterioration in Adobera Cheese

Effect of the Application of Cold Plasma Energy on the Inactivation of Microorganisms, Proteins, and Lipids Deterioration in Adobera Cheese

Analysis of the Soft-Switching Tuning Effect on the Figures of Merit Involved in the Design of a Class-E Amplifier with Finite DC-Feed Inductance

A concise high‐efficiency broadband parallel‐circuit Class‐E power amplifier

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