Analyses of sexual dimorphism of contemporary Japanese using reconstructed three-dimensional CT images – Curvature of the best-fit circle of the greater sciatic notch

Analyses of sexual dimorphism of reconstructed pelvic computed tomography images of contemporary Japanese using curvature of the greater sciatic notch, pubic arch and greater pelvis

“…In particular, 3-dimensional (3D) images reconstructed from volume data of multi-slice computed tomography (CT) boast high reproducibility, and several attempts utilizing CT reconstruction images of bones have been reported in the field of forensic and physical anthropology [6][7][8][9][10][11]. We also have confirmed the reproducibility of 3D-CT images of a skeletonized pelvis and their applicability to anthropological measurements [12]. 3D-CT images of the pelvis reproduce well complex curved features, and the stored data format facilitates computerized geometrical analyses.…”

“…In a preliminary study, 3D-CT reconstruction of skeletonized pelves resulted in errors of 1-2 mm on average in anthropological measurement [12]. This was because the cut-off CT numbers tended to be adjusted downwards to prevent some parts of the images from being omitted, and therefore, reproducibility of reconstructed 3D images of skeletons from the CT data may be affected by bone density [12].…”

“…On MicroAVS software, 3D polygon data (STL data) were constructed, controlling the CT number (Hounsfield number) so that femoral heads, and the posterior superior and posterior inferior iliac spine in 3D images on the monitor screen were clearly discernible [12]. After noise such as calcified blood vessels and soft tissue on the images was removed, anthropological measurements were performed with a 3D image analysis program (3D-Rugle, Medic Engineering, Kyoto, Japan).…”

Sex determination from os sacrum by postmortem CT

“…Postmortem CT imaging is a good method to depict osseous structures [8][9][10][11], so CT scanning is also applied in forensic anthropology. Currently, CT scans are used for typical forensic anthropological tasks such as sex and age determination [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The assessment of morphological bone traits of individuals is basically accurate but should be performed by physical anthropologists.…”

“…Previous studies carried out sex determinations using CT images of the cranium, sternum or patella [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, corpses that require identification are often challenging, as they can be severely burned, decomposed, or have suffered traumatic dismemberment.…”