Analyses of Bone Regeneration Capacity of Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone and Combined Deproteinized–Demineralized Bovine Bone Particles in Mandibular Defects: The Potential Application of Biological Forms of Bovine-Bone Filler

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to evaluate bone regeneration capacity of FDBX granules compared to composite DBBM/DFDBX granules for filling of bone defect in rabbit mandible. Material and Methods Critical size defects were created in 45 rabbits' mandible. The defect in the control group is left untreated, while in other groups the defects were filled with FDBX granules and composite DBBM/DFDBX granules, respectively. Specimens were collected at 2, 4, and 8 weeks for histology and immunohistochemical analyses. Significant difference is set at p-value < 0.05. Results The osteoblast-osteoclast quantification, osteoblast expression of Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, collagen-I, and osteocalcin, and osteoclast expression of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in FDBX groups were statistically comparable (p > 0.05) with the composite group, while OPG/RANKL ratio, bone healing scores, and trabecular area were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the composite compared to FDBX group. Conclusion Composite DBBM/DFDBX granules, within the limitation of this study, has better bone forming capacity than FDBX granules for filling of bone defects in the mandible.

Osteoinductive and Osteogenic Capacity of Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone Compared to Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral Scaffold in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture: An In Vitro Study

“…Although autograft is considered to be the gold standard because it often result in donor site morbidity. 2 Currently, the major problem with bovine bone xenografts commonly used in regenerative surgeries is that these materials, despite their good mechanical stability, are mainly osteoconductive scaffolds with slow degradation 4 8 Investigation into the development of bovine bone scaffolds that retain their organic components is essential for tissue engineering, as they are potentially osteoinductive, owing to their biologically active growth factors. However, they have good mechanical stability and are completely biodegradable, with an ideal resorption time when combined with the cell osteogenic properties 8 of the host.…”

“…13 FDBB contains growth factors, especially bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which activates the BMP/SMAD pathway and canonical wnt/β catenin pathway to upregulate the RUNX2 and OSX synthesis on the cell nucleus. 8 13 The osteoinductive and osteodifferentiation capacity of FDBB are still unclear and require further study. Furthermore, this study aims to investigate the osteoinductive and osteodifferentiation capacity of an FDBB scaffold on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs).…”

“…7 FDBB has become a candidate for an ideal scaffold because freeze drying preserves the protein and growth factor without compromising biomechanical properties. 8 Decellularization of FDBB aims to decrease the risk of immunorejection and create a natural microenvironment but often results in a decrease in the osteoinductive capacity. 9 Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osterix (OSX) play a pivotal role in determining osteoinductivity and are key transcription factors in the early phase of osteogenesis that regulate osteoprogenitor cell differentiation into pre-osteoblasts.…”

“…7 FDBB has become a candidate for an ideal scaffold because freeze drying preserves the protein and growth factor without compromising biomechanical properties. 8 Decellularization of FDBB aims to decrease the risk of immunorejection and create a natural microenvironment but often results in a decrease in the osteoinductive capacity. 9…”

The diagnostic challenges and two-step surgical approach to an infected dentigerous cyst resembling a unicystic ameloblastoma: A case report

“…In marsupialization treatment, the cyst is left open and connected to the oral mucosa. [12][13][14][15] The aim of this case report is to present and discuss a comprehensive management plan in terms of establishing a definitive diagnosis due to the clinical and radiological similarities between a dentigerous cyst and a unicystic ameloblastoma. In this case, a FNAB and an incisional biopsy were performed to confirm the diagnosis.…”