Análisis y reducción de costos alimenticios asociados a la producción láctea de un sistema bovino semiespecializado, mediante el uso de la metodología AHP

Abstract

La producción de leche es un renglón importante dentro del sector agropecuario y la economía de un país. En México, el aporte del sector agropecuario al producto interno bruto (PIB) nominal es del 4,2 %, con una participación del 30,2 % de la ganadería. Este tipo de producción presenta diversos sistemas mejorados para aumentar la tasa de rendimiento. Sin embargo, es necesario conocer los costos de producción asociados a la alimentación de los bovinos en términos de materia seca consumida. En esta investigación, realizamos el análisis de los costos variables de alimentación dentro del proceso de producción de leche para vacas de alta y baja producción en un sistema bovino semiespecializado. Se desarrollaron procesos de diagnóstico y levantamiento de la información, análisis bromatológico, análisis de producción láctea, cálculo de los costos asociados y, por último, evaluación de reducción de costos bajo la metodología multicriterio de proceso de análisis jerárquico (AHP, por sus siglas en inglés). Se calcularon los costos de alimentación asociados a forraje, ensilado y concentrado, los cuales alcanzan el 20,3 % y 21,9 % de los ingresos totales por venta de leche para grupos de vacas de alta y baja producción, respectivamente. Determinamos que la estrategia de reducción de costos que genera mejores resultados, en cuanto a criterios de productividad, eficiencia, ambiente y factores financieros, corresponde a elaboración de diferentes dietas según la tasa de producción de leche. El ahorro asociado a esta estrategia demuestra un potencial de disminuir los costos anuales de alimentación hasta en USD 444 para las vacas objeto de estudio.

Sustainability of Rural Small-Scale Farmers Using a Thematic Content-Fed Analytic Hierarchy Process

“…HC had within its sub-criteria, F (weight = 0.0916), Fe (weight = 0.0714), M (weight = 0.3778), and E (weight = 0.0305), that were prioritized according to the main study objective using AHP and TCA. The findings are consistent with that of other researchers [84][85][86]88,89] who reported that farmers were constrained by feed and fertilizer unaffordability which resulted in low milk productivity and low net profits. However, for those farmers who can afford high quality feed, great net returns were observed, and their milk production quotas were high [86].…”

“…The findings are consistent with that of other researchers [84][85][86]88,89] who reported that farmers were constrained by feed and fertilizer unaffordability which resulted in low milk productivity and low net profits. However, for those farmers who can afford high quality feed, great net returns were observed, and their milk production quotas were high [86]. High costs of electricity were also reported in literature, where farmers spent around 5000 euros on electricity for production yearly [90][91][92] and proposed as an alternative the use of solar power to alleviate the high electricity bills and production glitches [67].…”

“…Jahan and Salam (2023) also underpinned the predicaments of feed affordability by small-scale farmers and their reliance on traditional feed, which affects the milk quality and production [85]. A breakdown of farmer profits and production contributions was solicited by Paternina-Acosta et al (2021), feed for high and low milk producers accounted for 21.9% and 20.3%, respectively, while the total net income was USD 6.64 and USD 4.64 [86]. Their daily productions were 19.44 L/day and 13.85 L/day, respectively.…”

PHYLLOCHRON VARIABILITY AND CUTTING MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE AGRONOMIC POTENTIAL OF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

“…Appropriately, the production cost is a limiting factor for the increase in the income of the producers, the production of cattle demands large expenses with food, reaching 80% (GREENWOOD, 2021). To avoid this situation, techniques, such as handling the disposal of the animal in the field, the application of plant by-products with a high protein and/or mineral concentration, and the use of forage crops adapted to the region and which have lower production costs than those normally explored by the producer must be adopted (CREMILLEUX et al, 2022;PATERNINA-ACOSTA et al, 2021;CAPPELLOZZA et al, 2021).…”