“…The purpose of education is to teach students how to collect valid evidence to prove a point, how to do something useful and produce a product, how to inspire others and benefit themselves, and how to live with others with mutual respect, courtesy, and observance of the rules. If the concepts of communication, collaboration, critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity and innovation, and digital literacy can be implemented in the classroom, Indonesian university graduates will be fully prepared to compete in the 21 st century (Abduh & Istiqomah, 2021). Digital literacy is an umbrella framework for developing digital world knowledge, skills, and ethics (Chan et al, 2017).…”