Analisis Kebutuhan Energi Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Sungai Rungau Mill

Abstract

Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Sungai Rungau Mill mempunyai bahan bakar biomassa yang sangat melimpah. Akan tetapi penggunaan sumber bahan bakar ini harus dioptimalkan agar performa pabrik dapat
 berjalan dengan baik dengan cara mengkaji kebutuhan energi secara aktual. Jumlah dan komposisi bahan bakar yang digunakan harus diperhatikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Kelebihan atau
 kekurangan bahan bakar dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan tekanan dan komposisi yang tidak tepat yang akan menyebabkan perambatan panas yang kurang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji kebutuhan dan komposisi bahan bakar yang sesuai dengan energi yang dibutuhkan untuk proses produksi kelapa sawit. Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Sungai Rungau Mill mempunyai sistem pembangkit uap yang mengubah air menjadi steam untuk menggerakan turbin uap dengan bahan bakar serabut dan cangkang hasil dari proses produksi tandan buah segar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengukuran langsung di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Sungai Rungau Mill dengan berbagai instrumen dan peralatan yang ada. Dari proses produksi tandan buah segar dengan kapasitas 82,3 ton/jam diperoleh serabut dan cangkang masing-masing sebanyak 11,36 ton/jam dan 4,73 ton/jam. Kemudian bahan bakar tersebut dipakai untuk boiler dengan jumlah serabut 10,60 ton sedangkan cangkang 2,73 ton dengan persentase 79,49 % serabut dan 20,51 % cangkang. Selanjutnya pembakaran dalam boiler menghasilkan steam dengan jumlah 43,2 ton/jam yang digunakan untuk menggerakan turbin sehingga menghasilkan daya listrik sebesar 1475 kWh.

Fuel Used Analysis on Boiler Efficiency Variations and Water Intake Temperature Affected by Palm Oil Varieties

“…Fiber saving is not mentioned because the available fiber is not sufficient for the required fuel (-923 kg/hour), to cover the insufficient fuel, excess fuel (shell) is used. According to Laila and Qodori (2019), if there is a shortage of fuel to improve boiler performance, the fuel can be obtained from other fuels such as shells. This savings is in accordance with what the factory expects, but it is also hoped that it does not reduce the product quality and work of the boiler (Batubara, 2014).…”

“…Shells can save 761 kg/hour of fuel and fiber saving is not mentioned because fiber does not meet the fuel needs of the palm oil mill (-148 kg/hour), to cover the insufficient fuel, excess fuel (shell) is used by looking at the calorific value of the fuel. According to Laila and Qodori (2019), if there is a shortage of fuel to improve boiler performance, the fuel can be obtained from other fuels such as shells. There are no fuel savings in fiber because it has been used up with the ideal fuel ratio of 29.8% : 70.2% (shell : fiber).…”

“…Covering the need for fuel, excess fuel (shell) can be used to cover the shortage of fuel needed by looking at the calorific value of the fuel. According to Laila and Qodori (2019), if there is a shortage of fuel to improve boiler performance, the fuel can be obtained from other fuels such as shells. In Figure 16 and 17, the total remaining fuel savings and the IDR value are obtained based on variations in the water intake temperature and 70% boiler efficiency for the palm oil mill in which the highest total fuel is at 105 o C. Shells saving are 257 kg/hour or IDR 192,474 per hour.…”

“…Fulfilling the fuel deficiency, excess fuel (shell) is used by looking at the calorific value of the fuel. According to Laila and Qodori (2019), if there is a shortage of fuel to improve boiler performance, hence the In Figure 20 and 21, it can be seen that based on variations in the water intake temperature and 80% boiler efficiency of the palm oil mill, the lowest fuel-used is at 105 o C temperature, amounting to 4,231 kg/hour with a fuel composition of 1 : 3 (shell : fiber). Shells fuel saving is 967 kg/hour or IDR 725,501 per hour.…”

“…The fuel used in the boiler is fiber, if the required steam is substantial, the factory will add a shell for boiler fuel hence the boiler pressure increases. Fiber and shells are sustainable by-products of palm oil mills hence the more fuel is needed, the more FFB is needed (Laila and Qodori, 2019). If the resulting pressure exceeds the desired steam demand, it can cause steam losses which result in losses and will increase the production value.…”