Análisis espacio temporal y climático del humedal altoandino de Chalhuanca (Perú) durante el periodo 1986-2016

Abstract

<jats:p>&lt;p&gt;The high Andean wetlands are considered fragile ecosystems that provide ecosystem services for the maintenance of Andean biodiversity and economy. However, currently the global threat of climate change puts them at serious risk, which is why the objective of this study is to determine the spatial-temporal and climatic variation of the high Andean wetlands of Chalhuanca (Peru), during the period 1986-2016. Landsat scenes were obtained during dry season in the years 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, and using remote sensing techniques the area and vegetation index (NDVI) of the wetlands were calculated. For precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, an analysis of moving averages, linear trends and the Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test was carried out, and finally the interaction between the variables was evaluated by using correlation and regression. The results show that the wetland area has increased by 12 ha/year. As for the NDVI, an increase of the average values for the evaluated period has been detected, being 0.26 the average of minimum values. Analysis of climate data shows that precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature have increased by 32 mm/dec, 0.3 °C/dec and 0.6 °C/dec respectively, with the maximum and minimum temperature being significant (α&amp;lt;0.05). Finally, correlation and regression analyses show that the wetland area-precipitation, NDVI-precipitation and wetland-NDVI relationships are significant for α&amp;lt;0.01, while the wetland-temperature and NDVI-temperature relationships were significant for α&amp;lt;0.05.&lt;/p&gt;</jats:p>

Influence of Climate Variability on the Spatio-temporal Dynamics of the High Andean Wetlands of the Chicllarazo Microbasin. Period 1988-2022.

“…Es posible que el incremento del área del bofedal haya sido influenciado en respuesta a la dotación del agua por desintegración de los nevados a causa del aumento de la temperatura. No obstante, en el anexo de Chalhuanca, la relación de temperatura y área de bofedal fue moderada (R 2 = 0.46) [7][24], lo que podría deberse a la falta de cobertura glaciar en esa área de estudio.…”

“…Si bien es cierto, los bofedales altoandinos (BAA) son de vital importancia desde el punto de vista ecológico, económico, social y cultural, debido a que provisionan servicios de regulación y purificación del agua, almacenamiento de carbono, regulación del microclima, protección contra la erosión, soporte de la diversidad de fauna y flora, dotación de forraje y espacios de recreación [6]. Por todo ello y por el requerimiento permanente del agua de fuentes tales como la precipitación, agua subterránea, deshielo de los nevados, entre otros, son considerados como ecosistemas frágiles [2] [7].…”

Journal of Water and Land Development

“…However, many evaluations of the temporal variability of ANPP and biomass of bofedales with remote sensors were based on climatic data, such as precipitation and temperature, in contrast to the NDVI. This correlation being still not so clear, and may be due to the lag between precipitation, temperature and the gradual development of vegetation in the face of seasonal changes [DURANTE et al 2017;PAUCA-TANCO et al 2020]. This disadvantage could be resolved with the results obtained in this study as they contribute to the precision in the estimation of the ANPP over time, since the Monteith model (1972) works without a seasonal lag, applying photosynthetic physiological criteria to vegetation, in contrast to the capacity and efficiency of capturing and transforming radiation or solar energy into chemical energy used by plants for their productivity.…”

Glacier influence on bird assemblages in habitat islands of the high Bolivian Andes

“…High-altitude wetlands of the tropical Andes, locally named bofedales, can be described as heterogeneous waterscapes that enclose meadows, marshes, peatlands, ponds and streams perennial or temporary depending on precipitation patterns Squeo et al, 2006). In the Andes, reported trends indicate an overall increase in wetlands cover, strongly correlated with precipitation trends (Dangles et al, 2017;Pauca-Tanco et al, 2020). Proportion of different sources of water is highly variable among wetlands as function of topography, size of the watershed, extent of the glacier, infiltration vs. surface circulation of ice runoff (see Cooper et al, 2019;Squeo et al, 2006).…”