Análisis De Isótopos Estables en Colágeno De Huesos De Camélidos De Quebrada Tulán, Puna De Atacama, Periodo Formativo Temprano: Ca. 3.100-2.400 A.P

American J Phys Anthropol

Uribe

Herrera

et al. 2015

A gradual transition to crop consumption, especially maize, is suggested. This complemented the earlier hunter-gatherer tradition of marine resources and wild fruit consumption. Contrarily to the predictions made by some archaeologists, the results obtained for northern Chile contrast with the classical perspective of a "Neolithic Revolution" in which transition to agriculture occurred more abruptly and linearly.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary practices in ancient populations from northern Chile during the transition to agriculture (Tarapacá region, 1000 BC–AD 900)

American J Phys Anthropol

Uribe

Herrera

et al. 2015

“…). However, δ 15 N obtained for llamas from the Formative Period (Tulán 54) in the Atacama oases indicate higher values—ranging from +9.8‰ to 13‰ (López et al, ). This may suggest that conditions favoring high soil 15 N pertained in the oases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic evidence for divergent diets and mobility patterns in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 900–1450)

American J Phys Anthropol

Lee‐Thorp

Uribe

2014

The decline of the Tiwanaku state saw the emergence of two new cultures-Pica-Tarapacá and Atacama-during the Late Intermediate Period in northern Chile. Archeological evidence suggests that both groups practised maize agriculture and pastoralism, but that their interaction zones differed significantly. Marine resources are common at Pica-Tarapacá sites, even those far from coast, while Atacama sites in the desert oases and precordilleran area seem to have directed their networks towards the highlands. Here we apply stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope analysis on human bone and enamel to test dietary patterns and residential mobility at two sites, Pica 8 and Quitor 6, representing the Pica-Tarapacá and Atacama cultures, respectively. Our results show that diet at the two sites indeed differed: significant but variable consumption of marine resources and maize is indicated at Pica 8, despite being an inland site, while diet at Quitor 6 was based mainly on terrestrial resources. The use of seabird guano and llama dung as fertilizers and extreme aridity may have contributed to the high nitrogen isotope values observed in Pica 8 humans. The δ(18) O values in Pica 8 individuals are generally lower than for Quitor in spite of its greater distance from the Andes. All three isotopes suggest the presence of at least five nonlocals in the 30 measured at Pica 8. This evidence for human mobility is consistent with the high levels of trade and interaction observed in the archeological record, and begins to quantify the degree of movement of specific individuals.

“…Esta, según se ha demostrado, posee valores de δ 15 N más altos que otros herbívoros, incluyendo las llamas, debido a su particular fisiología intestinal (Sponheimer et al 2003). Complementariamente, análisis de isótopos estables en llamas y guanacos de Tulán 54, al sur de San Pedro, han evidenciado que sus valores de nitrógeno pueden ascender hasta 13‰ (López et al 2013), posiblemente debido a su adaptación a ambientes desérticos y al efecto de la aridez (Ambrose 1991). Asimismo, el uso de fertilizantes agrícolas, como el guano de llama, también pudieron tener un efecto en los altos valores de nitrógeno de las plantas cultivadas (Finucane 2006;Szpak et al 2012).…”

Section: Nuevos Análisis De Isótopos Estables δ 13 C Y δ 15 N Para Sounclassified

San Pedro De Atacama Y La Cuestión Tiwanaku en El Norte De Chile: Impresiones a Partir De Un Clásico Estudio Cerámico Y La Evidencia Bioarqueológica Actual (400-1.000 D.C.)

et al. 2016

Chungará (Arica)

En las últimas décadas los arqueólogos han tendido a examinar la problemática Tiwanaku fuera del núcleo altiplánico, principalmente en términos de acceso a recursos y/o complementariedad ecológica y religiosa, entre un centro y su periferia. Sin embargo, dominados por las ideas de Estados o imperios, estas reconstrucciones adolecen de reduccionismo económico e iconográfico, en perjuicio del entendimiento de los fenómenos políticos andinos. Dentro de esta problemática, retomamos la relación entre Tiwanaku y San Pedro de Atacama a partir de un nuevo estudio de la cerámica negra pulida de los cementerios de Solcor y Coyo, en razón del carácter fundacional que Le Paige y Tarragó le imprimieron a esta alfarería para abordar el impacto altiplánico en la región. Este análisis, en conjunto con la reciente evidencia bioarqueológica obtenida por este equipo y otros, nos permiten repensar este vínculo y avanzar hacia la compresión de una realidad social mucho más dinámica, heterogénea y desigual.Palabras claves: San Pedro de Atacama, Período Medio, cerámica negra pulida, bioarqueología. For many years, archaeologists have examined the Tiwanaku phenomenon outside the Titicaca basin. The research has been mainly focused on economical systems, and religious and ecological complementarity between centers and their periphery in