Análisis de cuantificación de plomo en suelos de parques recreacionales de la ciudad de Lima - Perú

Abstract

ResumenLos Grandes Parques de Lima Metropolitana (GPLM) son áreas verdes donde habitan diversidad de especies de origen vegetal y animal. Los GPLM, áreas recreacionales localizadas en la cuenca del río Rímac considerados en este estudio fueron los siguientes: Bosque El Olivar (12º06´04´´S, 77º02´05´´O), Campo de Marte (12º04´06´´S, 77º02´29´´O), Pentagonito (12º06´01´´S, 76º59´35´´O), Zoológico de Huachipa (12º00´52´´S, 76º53´52´´O), Las Leyendas (12º07´14´´S, 77º05´12´´O) y Kennedy (12º07´18´´S, 77º01´49´´O). La presencia del plomo en los suelos representa un peligro potencial para la salud de los habitantes y usuarios, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación fue cuantificar el contenido total de plomo en los suelos de los GPLM. Para ello, se realizaron muestreos de identificación, análisis físicos (textura) y químicos (pH, conductividad eléctrica, materia orgánica, capacidad de intercambio) en muestras de suelos de cada parque. En aquellos parques que presentaron contaminación por plomo se realizó un muestreo de detalle con análisis adicionales de plomo total. Los valores promedio de plomo total en los suelos de los GPLM Bosque El Olivar (170 ppm Pb), Campo de Marte (226 ppm Pb) y Pentagonito (159 ppm Pb) se encontraron por encima de lo permitido por los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental (ECAPerú:140 ppm). En el parque Las Leyendas se determinó que ocho de las 98 hectáreas estaban contaminadas (234.5 ppm Pb) y en el Zoológico de Huachipa 0.7 de las 11 hectáreas (266 ppm Pb) sobrepasaron el limite ECA; mientras que el parque Kennedy no sobrepasó los valores de ECA (56-78 ppm Pb). Palabras clave: metales pesados, suelos contaminados, áreas verdes urbanas. AbstractThe recreational parks of Lima city (GPLM) are green areas where diverse species of animals and plants live. These are also recreational areas located in the Rímac river basin. The GPLM considered were Bosque El Olivar (12º06´04´´S, 77º02´05´´O), Campo de Marte (12º04´06´´S, 77º02´29´´O), Pentagonito (12º06´01´´S, 76º59´35´´O), Huachipa Zoo (12º00´52´´S, 76º53´52´´O), Las Leyendas (12º07´14´´S, 77º05´12´´O) and Kennedy (12º07´18´´S, 77º01´49´´O). Lead presence in the soils constitutes a potential danger to the health of the inhabitants and users. The objective of this study was to quantify the total lead content in the GPLM soils. Samplings were performed for identifications, physical (texture) and chemical (pH, electric conductivity, organic matter, CIC) analysis in each park. Those parks that showed lead contamination were subjected to detailed samplings with additional total lead analysis. The mean values of total lead content in soils of the GPLM Bosque Olivar (170 ppm Pb), Campo de Marte (226 ppm Pb) and Pentagonito (159 ppm Pb) were found to be above those allowed by the Environmental Quality Standards (ECA-Peru: 140 ppm). At Las Leyendas park eight of the 98 hectares were contaminated (234.5 ppm Pb) and at Huachipa Zoo 0.7 0f 11 hectares were contaminated too (266 ppm Pb), while Kennedy Park did not exceed the ECA (56 ppm Pb).

Lead Phyto extraction in the Huachipa Zoological Park through the use of Tagetes erecta associated with a mycorrhiza and EDTA

“…Most of these values are above the environmental quality standard established for park floors (i.e., 140 ppm). These results confirm findings of a previous research carried out in the Zoological Park of Huachipa, by Tello et al (2018) who observed that soils in the park, specifically in the area of the bird forest, are contaminated by lead. This is likely due to sediments left by waters of the Rímac River, which tends to overflow and flood this area (Tello et al, 2018).…”

“…A possible explanation for our findings lies in the use of water from the Rímac River by the park managers to irrigate the plantations around the Bird Forest on 4 occasions. Because, the sediments of the Rímac River are contaminated by lead, using the river water for irrigation could have contaminated our study site as suggested by Tello et al (2018). Moreover, the damping effect of soils and its high organic matter content (4.89%) may also contribute to higher lead concentrations.…”

“…Previous research has demonstrated soil contamination in the so-called "Bosque de aves" and its surroundings in the Zoological Park of Huachipa (Tello et al, 2018), district of Ate, province of Lima, department of Lima (12° 0'51.88"S, 76°53'44. 36"W) (Figure 1).…”

Bioavailability and Solubility of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements during Composting of Cow Manure and Tree Litter

“…However, due to the raw materials used, it can contain significant contents of heavy metals [18,[20][21][22][23][24]. It is known that green spaces with arboreal vegetation in an urban environment retain heavy metals in the foliage due to the precipitation of atmospheric dust produced mainly by the use of fossil fuels by vehicular traffic [7,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. It is also known that cattle manure contains significant amounts of some heavy metals [32][33][34][35][36] which is due to the fact that cattle feed has nutrients fortified with these elements and that, in some cases, the quantities supplied are greater than the absorption in the digestive process, whereby these are excreted [34,35].…”

Evaluación de la eficiencia de la electrocoagulación como tratamiento complementario para las aguas del río Surco en la planta de tratamiento de San Borja (PTSB), Lima-Perú, 2021

“…Los suelos y áreas verdes que son regados por el agua del río Surco contienen metales como arsénico, plomo, mercurio, fosfatos y nitratos principalmente, así como también coliformes fecales (Tello, Jave y Guerrero, 2018). Ello se debe a que el agua presenta los mismos indicadores los cuales al entrar en continuo contacto con el suelo por el mismo riego; algunos se infiltran y otros se acumulan hasta afectar su calidad perenne.…”