Abstract:Resumo Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar a possibilidade de aproveitamento da água da chuva em uma indústria metalmecânica localizada no município de São José dos Pinhais, região metropolitana de Curitiba, considerando o volume de chuvas, necessidade da indústria, as características de qualidade da água de chuva da região, além de uma simulação da cobrança pelo uso da água e emissão dos seus efluentes lançados em um córrego próximo. Nesta avaliação, verificou-se que o aproveitamento da água de chuva pode … Show more
“…The area destined to the cistern implementation, despite having a lower percentage (18.20%) compared to the group improvements, should be considered because it could be for another productive activity. Comparisons regarding values and percentages for the implementation of the infrastructure to collect rainwater were not possible because of the lack of details of investments in the few studies found in the literature (M. Santos, Carvalho, Ramos, Dias, & Reis, 2016;Teixeira et al, 2016). Also, some of these studies lack information such as investment in catchment gutters and/or the area where the cistern is located .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, some of these studies lack information such as investment in catchment gutters and/or the area where the cistern is located . Moreover, the evaluations were conducted for other economic activities, such as soft drink (M. Santos et al, 2016) and metalworking industries (Teixeira et al, 2016), and homes (Machione & Lopes, 2015;Zocolotti & Haus, 2015). Another point that makes comparison difficult is that the researchers did not consider the land value, which may be underestimating the investment and may lead to a misunderstanding in the expansion advice because although the area looks small, its value is high, especially when the investment is in the urban perimeter, where land is more valued.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Machione and Lopes (2015) studied the economic and environmental feasibility of collecting rainwater in 100-m 2 residential buildings and obtained intermediate results due to the long return of the invested amounts, but the environmental feasibility stands out over the others. Teixeira et al (2016) studied two alternatives for collecting rainwater in a metalworking industry in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, PR, and only the alternative with storage in geomembrane showed economic feasibility. However, the survey did not consider the costs of pumping, piping, and pollutant emissions, which could be underestimating the values.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies on rainwater collection and its use in the agricultural environment can be a very important alternative for the preservation of water resources, preventing activities that need water in the rural environment from being compromised and, consequently, the supply of food to humans (Silva, Moreira, & Peres, 2012). Considering the importance of this subject, several researchers have studied the collection of rainwater in homes (Machione & Lopes, 2015;Zocolotti & Haus, 2015) and the metalworking industry (Teixeira, Zattoni, Nagalli, Freira, & Teixeira, 2016), and for animal production (Palhares, 2016). However, no research was found to analyze the economic feasibility of implementing the infrastructure for collecting rainwater from the roof of freestall sheds.…”
his study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of implementing and using the necessary infrastructure to collect rainwater from the roof of free-stall sheds in a dairy production system in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Specifically, the total cost (TC), total operating cost (TOC), and actual operating cost (AOC) of a cubic meter of rainwater and the break-even point in cubic meters were estimated. The research was conducted from January to December 2017 on a property located in the south of Minas Gerais. The following MOP scenarios were analyzed: most likely (Scenario 1), optimistic (scenario 2), and pessimistic (scenario 3). The grant value of the Das Velhas River basin was considered for the most likely scenario, as it has the most similar value with that of the basin surrounding the Furnas reservoir, in which the property is inserted. The grant value for water collection and consumption from the Paraíba River basin was considered in Scenario 2, as this Federal basin has the lowest grant value. The grant value for water collection and consumption from the Piracicaba, Jundiaí, and Capivari river basins was considered in Scenario 3, as these basins have the highest prices for the cubic meter of the collected and consumed water. The implementation of the infrastructure for collecting rainwater from the roof of free-stall sheds under the studied conditions was economically unfeasible for all scenarios, with negative net present values (NPV). Simple and discounted paybacks were longer than the proposed horizon. The internal rate of return (IRR) could not be estimated due to the negative values of the net cash flow. The benefit-cost ratios (BCR) were unsatisfactory (lower than 1). The TC values for rainwater collection from the roof of free-stall sheds were R$ 23,206.59 and R$ 20,489.25 for scenarios with interest rates of 8.50 and 6.99%, respectively, while the TOC value was R$ 7,850.30 for all analyzed scenarios. The unit values for TOC and AOC were R$ 9.9024/m3 and R$ 1.3060/m3 of collected water, respectively. The break-even point could not be estimated in the studied scenarios, as the variable cost per cubic meter of water collected from the roof of the free-stall shed was higher than the grant value charged by the water management committees of the different studied basins.
“…The area destined to the cistern implementation, despite having a lower percentage (18.20%) compared to the group improvements, should be considered because it could be for another productive activity. Comparisons regarding values and percentages for the implementation of the infrastructure to collect rainwater were not possible because of the lack of details of investments in the few studies found in the literature (M. Santos, Carvalho, Ramos, Dias, & Reis, 2016;Teixeira et al, 2016). Also, some of these studies lack information such as investment in catchment gutters and/or the area where the cistern is located .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, some of these studies lack information such as investment in catchment gutters and/or the area where the cistern is located . Moreover, the evaluations were conducted for other economic activities, such as soft drink (M. Santos et al, 2016) and metalworking industries (Teixeira et al, 2016), and homes (Machione & Lopes, 2015;Zocolotti & Haus, 2015). Another point that makes comparison difficult is that the researchers did not consider the land value, which may be underestimating the investment and may lead to a misunderstanding in the expansion advice because although the area looks small, its value is high, especially when the investment is in the urban perimeter, where land is more valued.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Machione and Lopes (2015) studied the economic and environmental feasibility of collecting rainwater in 100-m 2 residential buildings and obtained intermediate results due to the long return of the invested amounts, but the environmental feasibility stands out over the others. Teixeira et al (2016) studied two alternatives for collecting rainwater in a metalworking industry in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, PR, and only the alternative with storage in geomembrane showed economic feasibility. However, the survey did not consider the costs of pumping, piping, and pollutant emissions, which could be underestimating the values.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies on rainwater collection and its use in the agricultural environment can be a very important alternative for the preservation of water resources, preventing activities that need water in the rural environment from being compromised and, consequently, the supply of food to humans (Silva, Moreira, & Peres, 2012). Considering the importance of this subject, several researchers have studied the collection of rainwater in homes (Machione & Lopes, 2015;Zocolotti & Haus, 2015) and the metalworking industry (Teixeira, Zattoni, Nagalli, Freira, & Teixeira, 2016), and for animal production (Palhares, 2016). However, no research was found to analyze the economic feasibility of implementing the infrastructure for collecting rainwater from the roof of freestall sheds.…”
his study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of implementing and using the necessary infrastructure to collect rainwater from the roof of free-stall sheds in a dairy production system in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Specifically, the total cost (TC), total operating cost (TOC), and actual operating cost (AOC) of a cubic meter of rainwater and the break-even point in cubic meters were estimated. The research was conducted from January to December 2017 on a property located in the south of Minas Gerais. The following MOP scenarios were analyzed: most likely (Scenario 1), optimistic (scenario 2), and pessimistic (scenario 3). The grant value of the Das Velhas River basin was considered for the most likely scenario, as it has the most similar value with that of the basin surrounding the Furnas reservoir, in which the property is inserted. The grant value for water collection and consumption from the Paraíba River basin was considered in Scenario 2, as this Federal basin has the lowest grant value. The grant value for water collection and consumption from the Piracicaba, Jundiaí, and Capivari river basins was considered in Scenario 3, as these basins have the highest prices for the cubic meter of the collected and consumed water. The implementation of the infrastructure for collecting rainwater from the roof of free-stall sheds under the studied conditions was economically unfeasible for all scenarios, with negative net present values (NPV). Simple and discounted paybacks were longer than the proposed horizon. The internal rate of return (IRR) could not be estimated due to the negative values of the net cash flow. The benefit-cost ratios (BCR) were unsatisfactory (lower than 1). The TC values for rainwater collection from the roof of free-stall sheds were R$ 23,206.59 and R$ 20,489.25 for scenarios with interest rates of 8.50 and 6.99%, respectively, while the TOC value was R$ 7,850.30 for all analyzed scenarios. The unit values for TOC and AOC were R$ 9.9024/m3 and R$ 1.3060/m3 of collected water, respectively. The break-even point could not be estimated in the studied scenarios, as the variable cost per cubic meter of water collected from the roof of the free-stall shed was higher than the grant value charged by the water management committees of the different studied basins.
“…Ressalta-se que, as tabelas utilizadas para o orçamento se referiram às tabelas de itens de serviço, estando o custo com a mão de obra necessária incluído na composição de cada item.Na quantificação dos custos com as tubulações e conectores necessários, para interligar o novo reservatório aos pontos de alimentação, foi considerado um percentual de 15% do valor do reservatório (LIMA; NUNES; SILVA, 2017; MARINOSKI;GHISI, 2008;FERREIRA, 2007). Para os custos anuais referentes à manutenção do sistema, adotou-se um custo de 20% do valor total da implantação do sistema durante toda a vida útil do sistema, considerando um tempo de vida útil de um sistema de aproveitamento de águas pluviais igual a 20 anos(COSCARELLI, 2010;TEIXEIRA et al, 2016).Para determinar a economia monetária mensal após a implantação do sistema, em R$/mês, calculou-se a diferença entre o Custo médio mensal antes da implantação do sistema e o Custo médio mensal após a implantação do sistema de aproveitamento de água pluvial. Para determinação do Custo médio mensal após a implantação do sistema considerou-se o produto entre o consumo médio mensal da edificação, o potencial de economia gerado pela simulação no programa computacional Netuno e a tarifa de consumo de água cobrada pela concessionária de água, a Companhia Pernambucana de Saneamento -COMPESA, em sua estrutura tarifária para o ano de 2017 (ARPE, 2017), acrescido da taxa de geração de esgoto, equivalente a 100% do valor do consumo de água.…”
Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a viabilidade técnica e econômica de um sistema de aproveitamento de águas pluviais em uma Instituição de Ensino Federal em Pernambuco. A água de reuso seria utilizada para fins não potáveis como a rega de plantas, lavagem de pisos e lavagem de veículos, que representaram 15% da demanda hídrica total da edificação. Inicialmente, coletou-se os dados pluviométricos da região e levantou-se as áreas de captação necessárias para suprir a demanda hídrica não-potável analisada. Posteriormente, utilizou-se o programa computacional Netuno para determinar o volume dos reservatórios, que apontou volume ideal de 40 m³ para o reservatório inferior e 12 m³ para o reservatório superior, cujos potenciais de economia de água potável foram de 7,47% e 8,12%, respectivamente. A análise econômica mostrou que o custo com a implantação do sistema seria de R$ 48.177,47, em mai/2017. Os métodos Valor Presente Líquido - VPL e Payback Simples utilizados apontaram um VPL de R$ 202.334,06 e um tempo de retorno do investimento de 1 ano 2 meses. Concluiu-se que a implantação do sistema é técnica e economicamente viável, devido ao atendimento às demandas hídricas não potáveis analisadas, o VPL positivo e o curto prazo para retorno do investimento.
The implementation of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems depends on technical and socioeconomic assessments. However, most studies do not consider socioeconomic aspects, which could lead to different degrees of RWH implementation and technology selection due to economic constraints and local regulations. We evaluated the socioeconomic potential for RWH as an alternative for water supply of 24 Southern Brazilian municipalities with less than 50,000 inhabitants. A total of 10,080 RWH configurations were assessed and a reliability analysis was carried out to define the RWH system configurations potentially implementable (RWH+) in each municipality. RWH economic benefits were estimated from a social point of view, based on the reduction of the monthly water payment. Overall, RWH+ supplying higher demands with higher economics savings were feasible, as expected. However, several municipalities that showed RWH+ supplying 100% of the domestic water demands obtained lower economic savings, due to low water tariff and water consumption. Still, a set of municipalities presented RWH+ for rainwater demand replacing 50% to 60% of the residential demand, for which the high-water tariffs reflected in higher economics savings. The advantages of using the RWH systems outstand even more when the investments at Federal and Local levels are considered.
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