Análise da Variabilidade Climática dos Oceanos Atlântico e Pacífico

Abstract

The sea surface temperature is one of the main variables for analyzing the global climate, and with that, it is essential to know its behavior. Thus, the objective of this study is to understand the best temperature variability of the sea surface of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, through information on the causes of its variability using Wavelet analysis, and also using the climatic trends of the TSM of the oceans. Sea surface temperature anomaly data obtained through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration with period of 1955-2018, for the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, divided into sectors and some statistical analyzes were used. Using the wavelet analysis method, it was possible to observe the phenomena El Niño South Oscillation, Atlantic Dipole, sunspots and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, acting on the studied time series; however, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which occurs in the Pacific Ocean, proved to be a phenomenon of dominant time scale in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The Mann-Kendall trend test showed a linear increase in the sea surface temperature anomaly for the two studied Oceans, and in both, the South sector has a greater increase than the North sector. Climate trends indicate that the Pacific Ocean is warming more than the Atlantic Ocean. It is also possible to conclude that the Southern sector of the two Oceans is heating up more than the Northern sector. The signs of the limit ranges for the averages of the southern sectors demonstrate greater variability of the anomalies at the South Atlantic and South Pacific. The Northern sector was more similar to the general basin, both in the Atlantic and the Pacific, proving the importance of continental areas for warming the oceans. These results were strengthened with those found by box plots and frequency distribution. The warming of the Pacific was also reinforced in all statistics mad.

Detecção e atribuição das anomalias anuais dos índices de extremos de chuva e temperaturas máxima e mínima diárias sobre o litoral de São Paulo/Brasil

“…A grande inércia da hidrosfera, composta principalmente pelos oceanos, faz com este subsistema terrestre seja o principal regulador do clima e de sua variabilidade natural em diferentes escalas temporais, portanto, importante para manter o equilíbrio de energia. A Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM) desempenha uma função bastante importante no balanço de calor por meio da interação do oceano com a atmosfera (Neto et al, 2021). O acoplamento entre atmosfera e oceano exerce influência local e/ou remota ocasionando uma variabilidade climática natural sobre determinada região.…”