Analgesic efficacy of perioperative use of vedaprofen, tramadol or their combination in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy

Abstract

The analgesic efficacy of tramadol and/or vedaprofen was evaluated in cats submitted for elective ovariohysterectomy, using a randomised double blind placebo controlled design. Forty adult female cats (3.0+/-0.32kg; 1.8+/-0.7 years) were distributed into four groups. Vedaprofen PO (0.5mg/kg), tramadol SC (2mg/kg), both, or placebo was administered 1h before surgery and every 24 and 8h, respectively, for 72h after surgery. Pain score evaluated by interactive visual analogue and composite pain score and hyperalgesia by the von Frey filament test were recorded at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 28, 32, 48, 52, 56, 72, 96h and on the 7th day after surgery. Animals treated with combined vedaprofen and tramadol treatment did not need rescue analgesia, did not develop hyperalgesia, and their serum cortisol concentrations and pain scores were lower than placebo until 24 and 72h after surgery, respectively. Combined vedaprofen and tramadol treatment provided more effective postoperative analgesia and prevented hyperalgesia than when used on their own. Multimodal technique is a superior method of treating pain after feline ovariohysterectomy. This work also provides evidence for the benefits of analgesia for up to 3 days following ovariohysterectomy.

Comparison of morphine, ketoprofen and Arnica montana 6x and 30x per oral transmucosal or subcutaneous route for control of postoperative pain in cats subjected to hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

“…Rescue analgesic was always administered one to four hours after surgery, without needing repetitions. Comparison of these findings to a previous study (BRONDANI et al, 2009), in which the same pain assessment scale, surgical technique and experimental conditions were applied, revealed that 100% of the animals which was not given analgesic medication required rescue therapy, with an average of 2.75 episodes per animal. Thus, Arnica in the three tested regimens exhibited some effects in the prevention of hyperalgesia starting at least six hours after surgery and in 60% (GA30SC, GA30PO) or 50% (GA6PO) of the animals during the entire postoperative period.…”

“…In the present study, although Arnica was not as efficacious as morphine and ketoprofen in the first six hours after surgery, it may be useful for use at home after this period, because it is known that animals treated with analgesics benefited for up to 56 hours after HSO compared to untreated animals (BRONDANI et al, 2009).…”

“…Two hypotheses may explain our results: 1) Arnica does not exert a satisfactory analgesic effect in the HSO postoperative period in cats, as about half of the animals required rescue analgesia, while perhaps the remainder of the cats did not need rescue medication as a function of the preventive analgesic effect of fentanyl, used in the induction of anesthesia (GORNIAK, 2011); and 2) the anti-inflammatory effect of Arnica is delayed, as KAWAKAMI et al (2011) showed; thus, rescue analgesia was not needed six hours after the HSO. This second hypothesis may be corroborated by the study by BRONDANI et al (2009), in which cats undergoing HSO, without previous administration of analgesics required rescue therapy for up to 32 hours after surgery. However, in that study, no fentanyl was administered.…”

Analgesia pós-operatória com metadona em gatos: administração epidural e intramuscular

“…O efeito analgésico foi avaliado durante as primeiras 12 horas  às uma, três, seis e 12 horas  e após o término da cirurgia, mediante escala analógica visual (VAS) e escala analógica visual interativa (IVAS), utilizando-se uma linha de 100mm, onde o extremo esquerdo representa o animal sem sinais de dor e o extremo direito o máximo de dor (Rohrer Bley et al, 2004;Gassel et al, 2005;Brondani et al, 2009). Os escores atribuídos em função da VAS foram embasados no comportamento do animal dentro da gaiola, de modo que o animal com aspecto relaxado ou que se mantivesse próximo da porta da gaiola, na tentativa de interagir com o observador, recebeu escore 0, enquanto os animais que se mantinham deitados, imóveis ou inconscientes após o período da recuperação pós-anestésica receberam escore 100.…”

“…A dor decorrente desse procedimento já foi demonstrada em diversos estudos (Rohrer Bley et al, 2004;Gassel et al, 2005;Brondani et al, 2009), porém ainda existe negligência com relação ao tratamento antálgico, sobretudo em felinos (Steagall et al, 2009).…”