Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Potential of the Stem Bark Extract of <em>Stachytarpheta indica</em>

Abstract

Aim of study: Stachytarpheta indica is used as herbal remedy for pains in Nigeria. Methods: To validate this claim, the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the stem bark extract were examined in mice and rats by using acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion, xylene and egg albumin-induced paw oedema. While yeast and amphetamine induced pyrexia were used to study antipyretic activity in rats. LD50 of the stem bark extract was carried out to determine its safety. Results: The methanol stem bark extract of Stachytarpheta indica showed significant (p<0.05) dose dependent effect in the parameters assayed. The activity of the extract was comparable to acetylsalicylic acid and morphine respectively. The acute toxicity test was greater than 5000 mg/kg. Conclusions: It may be possible that the methanol stem bark extract of Stachytarpheta indica contains biologically active substances with potential value for the treatment of painful and feverish conditions.

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of methanolic leaf extract of Maerua crassifolia

“…In living animal tissues, inflammatory processes mediate the release of several mediators such as prostaglandins, histamine, cytokines and proteinases [29,30]. Xylene caused instant irritation of Antipyretic activity is a characteristic of drugs or compounds which have inhibitory effect on prostaglandin biosynthesis [34,35].…”

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of ethanol extract of Annona senegalensis leaves in experimental animal models

“…27,28 The abdominal constriction test is normally used to assay the peripheral analgesic effects of medicinal agents. 20,29 The observed abdominal constrictions in this study are probably due to irritation of the peritoneal cavity induced by administration of acetic acid. 30 Prolonged irritation leads to an increase in the concentration of peritoneal prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2x.…”

“…Thirty mice were randomized into five groups of 6 in each cage. 20 The mice were fasted for 24 h but were allowed access to clean water ad libitum. Group 1, which received 20 ml/kg of normal saline and served as control.…”

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“…The response consisted of abdominal wall contractions, pelvic rotation, followed by hind limb stretches. A significant reduction in the number of abdominal contraction compared to the control was considered as an antinociceptive response 7,8 .…”