Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activities of the Aqueous Extract fromPlectranthus amboinicus(Lour.) Spreng. BothIn VitroandIn Vivo

Abstract

Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. is a native Labiatae plant of Taiwan. The plants are commonly used in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of cough, fever, sore throats, mumps, and mosquito bite. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of the aqueous extract from Plectranthus amboinicus (PA) in vivo and in vitro. PA inhibited pain induced by acetic acid and formalin, and inflammation induced by carrageenan. The anti-inflammatory effect of PA was related to modulating antioxidant enzymes' activities in the liver and decreasing the Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2) in edema-paw tissue in mice. In vitro studies show that PA inhibited the proinflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PA blocked the degradation of IκB-α and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit. Finally, the amount of carvacrol in the aqueous extract of PA was 1.88 mg/g extract. Our findings suggest that PA has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. These effects were mediated by inhibiting the proinflammatory mediators through blocking NF-κB activation. Meanwhile, the effects observed in this study provide evidence for folkloric uses of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. in relieving pain and inflammation.

Evaluation of cytotoxic, DNA protecting and LPS induced MMP-9 down regulation activities of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng. essential oil.

“…Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine and mediator production or function serves as a key mechanism in the control of inflammation and agents that suppress the expression of these inflammation associated genes have therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. 18 Result obtained in the present study shows, P.amboinicus essential oil is a potent MMP-9 inhibitory agent under in vitro. The observed activity may be due to the presence of bioactive mono and sesquiterpenes.…”

Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract of Ormosia coccinea (Aubl.) Jacks in vivo

“…The intraperitoneal administration of agents that irritate serous membranes provokes a stereotyped behaviour in the mice which is characterized by abdominal contractions, movements of the body as a whole and twisting of the dorso-abdominal muscles [22] and a reduction in motor activity and motor incoordination [23]. It has been suggested that acetic acid injection into peritoneal cavity leads to increased levels of cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenase [24] and indirectly leads to the release of endogenous nociceptive mediators such as PGE 2 and PGF 2α [5,20,[25][26][27][28][29][30], serotonin [22,25,26,29,30], histamine [22,26,30,31], bradykinin [21,22,24], substance P [24,25], cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8) [21,24,25,29] and lipoxygenase products [20], which eventually excites the primary afferent nociceptors [25] that contribute to the development of inflammatory pain [22]. The data presented in Fig.…”

“…Intraplantar injection of formalin has been reported to produce a distinct biphasic nociceptive response [12,21], termed first and second phases [20]. The first phase, commonly denominated early or neurogenic phase (from 0 to 5 min after injection formalin) results from a direct stimulation of nociceptors (predominantly C-fibres) [22,23,27,28,31,32,34]. Substance P, glutamate and bradykinin are thought to participate in this phase, which is believed to be non-inflammatory pain [28].…”

The Use of Herbal Medicine in a Rural Community in Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil: An Indication for Pharmacological Studies

“…The aqueous extract has the analgesic and anti-inflammatory abilities [74,75], for diabetes, which may be due to the presence of flavonoids [76], exhibited antioxidant, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities [77], effectiveness against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus skin abscesses [78], treatment of rheumatoid arthritis [79] Plectranthus barbatus Stomach problems (indigestion, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, hangover)…”