Analgesia Nociception Index: Heart Rate Variability Analysis of Emotional Status

Abstract

Background Analgesia nociception index (ANI) has been developed for real-time pain measurement during a surgical procedure under general anesthesia. The index is based on heart rate variability and constitutes a measure of parasympathetic tone. In this paper, we hypothesized that this index could be used as a tool to investigate the process of emotional regulation of a human subject. Materials and methods Twenty adult volunteers were recruited for the study, wherein ANI response to the emotional stimulus was evaluated. An emotional stimulus was obtained through a 60-second music sound record from the song “Ala Gözlerini Sevdiğim Dilber,” performed by the Turkish rock band Badem. ANI measurements were obtained before the song presentation (T pre ), at the end of the record presentation (T0), and each minute thereafter until the end of the five-minute observation (T1-T5). Results Twenty participants were investigated; 10 males and 10 females. The mean age of the participants was 17.0 ± 0.9 (min: 16, max: 20). ANI measurements were significantly lower in T0 and T3 compared with T pre ( P = 0.009). The differences between other values were not statistically significant. Conclusion ANI can be used for assessment of parasympathetic changes related to the emotional state of conscious patients.

Pain and Stress Detection Using Wearable Sensors and Devices—A Review

“…Since this index is solely based on the physiological signals rather than being a self-rating system, it could be applied to patients under general anesthesia or in critically ill condition who have communication problems. Besides, in a study of ANI in pain-related surgical conditions (e.g., during labor [ 74 ], laparoscopic abdominal surgery [ 71 ]), there is also other research such as [ 75 ] that find the relations between ANI and emotional status. Basically, mechanisms that are correlated to parasympathetic changes could adopt ANI as a measurement tool.…”

Analgesia nociception index and high frequency variability index: promising indicators of relative parasympathetic tone

“…1 , ANI divides the 64 s moving window into four 16 s sub-windows, and analyzes each sub-window. To eliminate the influence of changes in respiratory rate, local maxima are connected together as well as local minima, and the areas between the lower and upper envelopes [referred to as the area under the curve (AUC)] are analyzed [ 16 ]. The amplitude of the normalized and filtered R–R series ranges from 0 to 0.2 normalized unit [ 16 ].…”

Visual Control System Based on Nociception-Analgesia Index for Patients in a Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome and Minimally Conscious State

“…They are Analgesia Nociception Index Monitoring, Bispectral index Monitoring, MedStorm. [5]. Even through presented methods are extremely important for coma patients, there has been no complex method for reading physical signs of coma patient and simultaneous displaying on textile visual control system so far.…”