Analgesia and Psychic Side Effects Under Ketamine Racemate vs S-(+)-Ketamine in Analgesic Doses

Comparison of the anaesthesia combinations racemic-ketamine/medetomidine and S-Ketamine/medetomidine in syrian golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus)

“…Racemic ketamine (K‐R) is a mixture of two isomers, S‐Ketamine (+ ketamine) and R‐ketamine (– ketamine). In humans, the anaesthetic and analgesic potency of S‐Ketamine (S‐K) is two to three times higher than K‐R (Pfenninger et al 1992), however studies of medetomidine (MED) ketamine combinations in dogs and cats have shown no advantage of S‐K over K‐R (Tunkel 2001). This study compared S‐K and K‐R, in combination with MED, for anaesthesia in Syrian Golden hamsters.…”