Anal Sphincter Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease

Constipation Treatment in Neurological Disorders

“…Defecography, anorectal manometry and analsphincter electromyography have been used to study defecation in PD, showing different abnormalities (Stocchi 2000). In a group of patients, anorectal dysfunction caused a paradoxical contraction of voluntary sphincters during defecation, which is believed to be a type of focal dystonia (Mathers et al, 1989).…”

Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease

“…Paralytic ileus affects 7.1% of PD patients and may cause bloating, pain, nausea, vomiting, and distension. Anismus, or an inability to relax the external anal sphincter for defecation, is seen in off periods [69]. Physiological mechanisms associated with GI transit result from loss of myenteric neurons and vagal nerve cells, which affect the peristaltic reflex.…”

Trastornos autonómicos en enfermedad de Parkinson

“…Más de 80% de los casos con EP tiene un tránsi-to colónico anormalmente prolongado, existiendo además en mayor o menor grado alteraciones de la relajación anal (disinergia del piso pélvico) 25,43,44 . Clínicamente se presenta constipación en el 30-60% de los pacientes, frente a lo cual los fármacos dopaminérgicos y anticolinérgicos no son efectivos e incluso pueden empeorar el problema.…”