Anaerobiosis in invertebrates

Brand, Theodor von

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.7292

Cited by 84 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Von Brand (1946) reviewed the literature on the occurrence of the genus Cyclops in conditions of low or total lack of oxygen and concluded that some members of the genus can live in such environments for relatively long periods. The ability to withstand totally anoxic conditions is limited and varies in the species we have considered, but nevertheless in each species there is sufficient time to allow scope for migration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The behavioural responses and tolerance of freshwater benthic cyclopoid copepods to hypoxia and anoxia

Tinson

Laybourn‐Parry

1985

Hydrobiologia

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The response of four benthic cyclopoid copepods, Acanthocyclops viridis (Megacyclops viridis) (Jurine, 1820), Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine), Eucyclops agilis (Koch, Sars) (Eucyclops serrulatus) (Fischer, 185 1) and Paracyclopsfirnbriatus (Fischer), to hypoxia and anoxia was investigated. All of these species died within six hours when confronted by totally anoxic conditions, but all survived four days at oxygen saturation levels as low as 25%. Males succumbed to the effects of anoxia more rapidly than the larger females of each species, and larger species survived for shorter periods than smaller species. In artificially stratified columns, where the lower layer was anoxic, all four species displayed an upward migratory response towards oxygenated conditions. Where the artificial hypolimnion was hypoxic, however, the migratory response was not observed. The results suggest that some benthic copepods cope with seasonal anoxia in eutrophic stratified lakes by migration rather than the various physiological adaptations shown by planktonic and semi-planktonic species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The behavioural responses and tolerance of freshwater benthic cyclopoid copepods to hypoxia and anoxia

Tinson

Laybourn‐Parry

1985

Hydrobiologia

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“…Glycolysis is common in many Digenea and most, if not all, Cestoda (Read 1968;von Brand 1946von Brand & 1973 and its adaptive significance in these flatworms, living under variable or deficient oxygen levels, is equally apparent. The significance of glycogen storage in these entosymbiotes and in the three graffillid species, as a primary adaptation to entosymbiosis and the assured food supply conferred by this life style, has been mentioned earlier (p. 150).…”

Section: The Differential Occurrence and Distribution Of Dehydrogenasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological adaptations to entosymbiosis in three species of graffillid rhabdocoels

Jennings

1981

Hydrobiologia

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Three entosymbiotic graffillid rhabdocoels (Paravortex scrobiculariae, P. cardii and Graffilla buccinicola) from marine bivalve and gastropod molluscs show several physiological adaptations to their life-style which are intimately related to the nutritional physiology and ecology of their respective hosts.All three species feed on their hosts' partially digested food plus the cellular debris released at the end of the hosts' own digestive cycle. G. buccinicola supplements this diet by actively removing intact cells from the host's digestive epithelium. Host enzymes, ingested with the food, are utilized for digestion within the flatworms' gut; there is concomitant reduction in the types and amounts of endogenous enzymes and the gastrodermal gland cells characteristically found in free-living species are absent.Food reserves in the three species consist mainly of glycogen, following the pattern seen in other entosymbiotic flatworms (Turbellaria, Digenea, Cestoda); in P. scrobiculariae this primary adaptation, believed to be linked in all entosymbiotes to the ready availability of food and to high fecundity, probably has a secondary function, in relation to anaerobic respiration, of the type found in cestodes.Other adaptive features, closely correlated with host ecology, are the occurrence of a physiologically active haemoglobin in the brain and pharynx of P. scrobiculariae and, in this species and P. cardii, the differential occurrence and distribution of dehydrogenase systems concerned with aerobic respiration (Krebs cycle), the pentose phosphate shunt and anaerobic respiration (glycolysis).P. scrobiculariae and P. cardii are viviparous and the normal provision of yolk for embryonic nutrition is supplemented by direct passage of materials to the later larvae from the parental gut, thus facilitating extended development of the larva until its birth as an immature miniature adult.

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“…Many of the dominant macroinvertebrate taxa recorded at sites 1 and 2 are adapted to low levels of dissolved oxygen-for example, Oligochaeta (Tubificidae) are found in areas where oxygen supply can became reduced (Lang 1984). Furhermore, leeches (Hirudinae), which are primarily predators of macroinvertebrates (e.g., Oligochaeta and Gastropoda), can also withstand anaerobic conditions (Von Brand 1944). Sensitive taxa such as certain stoneflies, mayflies, and caddisflies have been recognized by other workers (e.g., Prat and Ward 1994) as indicators of good water quality; these taxa were absent from the littoral zone of Lake Krugersdrift.…”

Section: Changes In the Macroinvertebrate And Phytobenthos Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of a toxic cyanobacterial bloom and water hydrology on algal populations and macroinvertebrate abundance in the upper littoral zone of Lake Krugersdrift, South Africa

2008

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The biological interactions and the physical and chemical properties of the littoral zone of Lake Krugersdrift were studied for a 4-month period when a dense, toxic cyanobacterial bloom dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa was present in the main lake basin. The presence of a toxic strain of M. aeruginosa was confirmed through the use of ELISA and molecular markers that detect the presence of the mcyB and mcyD genes of the mcy gene cluster that synthesizes microcystin. An increase in Microcystis toxicity at sites dominated by the cyanobacterial scum was accompanied by an increase in total abundance of the macroinvertebrate families Hirudinae, Chironomidae, and Tubificidae. Sites located away from the cyanobacterial scum had a lower abundance but a higher diversity of macroinvertebrates. The water quality under the Microcystis scum was characterized by low pH values, low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and lower total alkalinity values. The periphytic alga Ulothrix zonata was absent in areas dominated by the cyanobacterial scum, possibly as a result of overshadowing by the scum or direct toxic allelopathic effects on growth and photosynthesis. The diatom Diatoma vulgare dominated the benthic algal flora beneath the cyanobacterial scum.

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Anaerobiosis in invertebrates

Cited by 84 publications

References 60 publications

The behavioural responses and tolerance of freshwater benthic cyclopoid copepods to hypoxia and anoxia

The behavioural responses and tolerance of freshwater benthic cyclopoid copepods to hypoxia and anoxia

Physiological adaptations to entosymbiosis in three species of graffillid rhabdocoels

The influence of a toxic cyanobacterial bloom and water hydrology on algal populations and macroinvertebrate abundance in the upper littoral zone of Lake Krugersdrift, South Africa

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