Anaerobic Probiotics: The Key Microbes for Human Health

Abstract

Human gastrointestinal microbiota (HGIM) incorporate a large number of microbes from different species. Anaerobic bacteria are the dominant organisms in this microbial consortium and play a crucial role in human health. In addition to their functional role as the main source of many essential metabolites for human health, they are considered as biotherapeutic agents in the regulation of different human metabolites. They are also important in the prevention and in the treatment of different physical and mental diseases. Bifidobacteria are the dominant anaerobic bacteria in HGIM and are widely used in the development of probiotic products for infants, children and adults. To develop bifidobacteria-based bioproducts, therefore, it is necessary to develop a large-scale biomass production platform based on a good understanding of the ideal medium and bioprocessing parameters for their growth and viability. In addition, high cell viability should be maintained during downstream processing and storage of probiotic cell powder or the final formulated product. In this work we review the latest information about the biology, therapeutic activities, cultivation and industrial production of bifidobacteria.

Autoprobiotics as an Approach for Restoration of Personalised Microbiota

“…On the contrary, mono-strain autoprobiotics from groups BI, LB, and EN together with group AN were characterised by a significant increase in the regulatory cytokine IL-10 and CD 25 + FoxP3 + T cells, reflecting a distinctive anti-inflammatory trend. In this respect, the use of the anaerobically grown indigenous bacteria as probiotics looks very promising (El Enshasy et al, 2016 ). Apparently, different autoprobiotic preparations can be beneficial in different pathological conditions associated with different variants of dysbiosis.…”

How industrial bacterial cultures can be kept stable over time

“…Multiple industries depend on large-scale microbial cultures that either end up in their product, for example probiotics (El Enshasy et al, 2016;Wassenaar 2016;de Sousa et al 2019), or are required for fermentation of products (as in the dairy or meat processing industry). In addition, an increasing number of biotechnological products, such as recombinant antibodies, enzymes or hormones depend on large-scale bacterial or yeast cultures (Nandy and Srivastava 2018;Tripathi and Shrivastava 2019).…”

Empleo de prebióticos y probióticos en el manejo de la ansiedad

“…Por ello, una alternativa para su administración son las presentaciones farmacéuticas, en las cuales ambos agentes se mantienen generalmente de manera deshidratada. De este modo, los microorganismos probióticos tienen una conservación más adecuada y duradera que si se encuentran en matrices con más actividad del agua como los alimentos (70). Además, cada prebiótico y probiótico deben ser ingeridos en dosis específicas para poder ejercer su efecto beneficioso de manera efectiva, lo cual es difícil de controlar a través Revisiones de alimentos, ya que cada consumidor los ingiere en una cantidad diferente (67).…”

“…También se asegura una mejor estabilidad de los microrganismos independientemente de su naturaleza. Algunos agentes probióticos que han sido relacionados con el manejo de la ansiedad requieren una atmósfera especial, como son Bifidobacterium o los Clostridium, que son anaerobios estrictos (70). Por este motivo, su administración a través de los alimentos presenta mayores dificultades que a través de presentaciones farmacéuticas.…”