Anaemias of Africans

Entre negros e miscigenados: a anemia e o traço falciforme no Brasil nas décadas de 1930 e 1940

“…The late 1940s saw an abundance of research on sickle cells in French, Portuguese, Belgian, and British colonial Empires in Africa (Evans, 1944;English, 1945;Findlay, Robertson, Zacharias, 1946;Robertson, Findlay, 1947;Gosden, Reid, 1948;Beet, 1949;Lehmann, Raper, 1949;Van den Berghe, Janssen, 1950;Hiernaux, 1952;Jelliffe, Humphreys, 1952;Lehmann, Cutbush, 1952;Foy, Kondi, Hargreaves, 1952;Singer, 1953;Foy et al, 1954).…”

“…On the topic, see Foy, Kondi, Hargreaves, 1952. 12 Álvaro Serra de Castro (1911Castro ( -1970 Rocha (1970, p.177) said that Serra de Castro had been a pioneer "in the realm of children's hematology among us ... both because he was the first to observe sickle cell anemia in South America and because he published a leading manual: 'Doenças do sangue na infância e na adolescência' [Blood disorders in childhood and adolescence]." Much of this information was obtained from Castro's son, Rogério Álvaro Serra de Castro.…”

Sir Charles Martin and Medical Research

“…(cDe)4-6-is very patchily distributed. The highest frequencies of the trait have up to now been reported from East Africa, where they varied from 30 to 45 % in some Bantu tribes.7 8 Other Bantu tribes in East Africa have lower sickle-cell trait frequencies, and this seems to go parallel with the degree of dilution by Hamitic-speaking recent invaders.7 0 The peak of the incidence falls somewhat towards the west and averages about 20% to 25% at the coast.10 It falls also towards the south'1 and is very low in South Africa -itself. '2 Whether the African negro has come from West Africa, as Seligman13 thinks, or from Asia, as suggested by some leading anthropologists (particularly Leakey), is not yet proved, but it is highly significant that of 70 Malayan negritos tested 20 had the negroid chromosome Rho.…”