Anaemia and kidney dysfunction in Caribbean Type 2 diabetic patients

Ezenwaka, Chidum E.; A, Jones-Lecointe; Nwagbara, E; Seales, D; Okali, F

doi:10.1186/1475-2840-7-25

Cited by 41 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In contrast, study conducted by Ezenwaka CE et al, out of 155 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 72 (46.45%) were anaemic and 83 (53.54%) were non anaemic. 8 In another study, conducted by Cawood TJ et al, out of 270 patients only 34 (12.29%) were anaemic. 9 The higher prevalence of anaemia in our study was probably due to lack of knowledge about balanced diet, increased incidence and prevalence of infection and chronic diseases, malnutrition due to poverty and poor access to medical care.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Anaemiamentioning

confidence: 92%

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Study of anaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2018

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Background: Anaemia is increasingly recognized entity in the patients with diabetes mellitus and constitutes an additional burden in patients. The prevalence of anaemia in the patients with diabetes is two or three times higher than in patients with comparable renal impairment and iron stores in the general population. As India is foreseen a diabetic capital of the world, it becomes imperative to recognize co-morbidities such as anaemia at the earliest. Hence this study is being conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence and various causes of anaemia in diabetics.Methods: After obtaining informed written consent, all diabetics patients were subjected to detailed history, through clinical examination and investigation with CBC, Renal function test including creatinine clearance. The difference of mean between anaemic and non anaemic diabetic patients was evaluated by unpaired student t test. Finally, correlation between the level of haemoglobin and index of renal damage (albumin-creatinine ratio) was accessed by Pearson correlation. Statistical software of SPSS 10 ver. and EXCEL (office 9) was used to analyse the data.Results: In the present study, nearly two third patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus were anaemic. The maximum number of anaemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had microcytic hypochromic type of anaemia.Conclusions: It is therefore concluded that anaemia is a prevalent finding in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and represents significant unrecognised burden. The anaemia may be attributed to variable contribution of iron deficiency state and chronic inflammation as result of the disease itself.

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Section: Prevalence Of Anaemiamentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Another study done by Ezenwaka CE et al, reported that anaemic patients of diabetic group had significantly lower creatinine clearance (67.1±3.0ml/min) than non diabetic (57.9±5.4ml/min) and it was significant (p<0.001). 8 …”

Section: Creatinine Clearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Study of anaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2018

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“…This prevalence is comparable to that reported in diabetic patients in Australia, 5 but was much lower than that reported in the US (34.7%) 15 and in Caribbeans (46.5%). 4 The disparity could be partially explained by different degrees of diabetes severity managed in primary and secondary care in these regions. Diabetic patients with stable metabolic control and less severe complications are more likely to be managed in the primary care and therefore have a lower prevalence of anaemia compared with those managed in secondary or tertiary settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The greatest decrease in haemoglobin (Hb) levels was noted in patients with macroalbuminuria and renal impairment. Indeed, anaemia is a well-known complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is now recognised as an early component of diabetic nephropathy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaemia and type 2 diabetes: implications from a retrospectively studied primary care case series

Chen

Chan³

et al. 2013

Hong Kong Med J

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Objectives To identify the prevalence of anaemia in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients managed in a primary care setting and to explore its associations with cardiovascular complications and kidney disease.Design Retrospective case series study. Results Among 6325 Chinese type 2 diabetic patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 1441 were found to have anaemia with a period prevalence of 22.8%. The prevalence of anaemia increased significantly with deterioration of renal function. Compared with diabetic patients with normal haemoglobin levels, anaemic diabetic patients had a higher co-morbidity rate for stroke, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (P<0.001). Independent predictors for haemoglobin level among diabetic patients were age, gender, serum creatinine level, estimated glomerular filtration rate, haemoglobin A1c, and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that male gender, old age, increased serum creatinine level, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, elevated urine albumin-creatinine ratio, and co-morbidity with stroke or ischaemic heart disease were associated with greater odds for the presence of anaemia. SettingConclusion Anaemia is common among Chinese type 2 diabetic patients, particularly those with impaired renal function or established cardiovascular disease. Early detection of anaemia and prompt referral to specialist care for optimal treatment, if associated with severe renal impairment or high-risk proteinuria at the primary care settings, is recommended.

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“…The blood serves many key roles such as nutritional, homeostatic and immunologic processes (Oze, 1992), tissue and pulmonary respiration, endocrine processes, and excretion of metabolic wastes (Adebayo et al 2005). Ezenwaka et al (2008) reported a high prevalence of anemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes, as much as 27% (Dipta et al 2009). In addition, diabetes induces and promotes hematological disorders, where the occurrence of anemia in a hyperglycemic patient results from non enzymatic glycosylation or stiffening of the membrane proteins of the Red Blood Cells (Kennedy and Baynes, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient composition and ameliorative effects of Cocos nucifera products on Alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats

Augustine

Charity

Amadi

et al. 2017

IJM

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Using standard methods, this study investigated the ameliorative effects of coconut products during alloxan-induced diabetic conditions. Experimental animals were divided into five groups, group 1 served as normal control rats fed only rat chow and saline, group 2 were diabetic control rats intraperitoneally treated with 150mg/kg body weight alloxan monohydrate, group 3 were diabetic rats orally treated with 4ml/day of coconut milk, group 4 were diabetic rats orally treated with 4ml/day of coconut water, and group 5 were diabetic rats orally treated with 4ml/day of a mixture of coconut milk and coconut water. The coconut products had high moisture, fats, potassium, magnesium, and sodium contents. Coconut milk exhibited the most effective glucose lowering effect, and on the 21st day. The total cholesterol was completely normalized on treatment with coconut milk after alloxan induced diabetes, while the administration of the mixture of coconut milk and water had a comparable effect to administering only coconut milk on HDL, LDL, and TG. The alloxan-induced derangements on SOD, catalase and GPx were completely normalized after the coconut milk administration, while the mixture of coconut milk and water restored only SOD and GPx, and coconut water, ineffective on most of the antioxidant enzymes. Coconut water was ineffective on the RBC and HB of diabetic rats, while coconut milk and the mixture of coconut milk and water showed the most hematoameliorative effect. This study has shown the effectiveness of coconut products in the management of diabetes, with coconut milk the most effective.

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Anaemia and kidney dysfunction in Caribbean Type 2 diabetic patients

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Study of anaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Study of anaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Anaemia and type 2 diabetes: implications from a retrospectively studied primary care case series

Nutrient composition and ameliorative effects of Cocos nucifera products on Alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats

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