Anabolic deficiencies in men with systolic heart failure: do co-morbidities and therapies really contribute significantly?

Abstract

Deficiencies in anabolic hormones are common in younger and older men with HF. Some therapies (but not major co-morbidities) may contribute to anabolic deficiencies.

Testosterone deficiency in men with heart failure: pathophysiology and its clinical, prognostic and therapeutic implications

“…spironolactone has an antiandrogenic effect [127]) or comorbidities that potentially lead to secondary hypogonadism (e.g. obesity and diabetes [43]), although these hypotheses are only partially supported by our results [110].…”

“…TT and eFT deficiency (defined as blood levels ≤ 10 th percentile in a population of healthy men of the same age) was found in 39%, 17%, 13%, and 27% (TT), and 62%, 22%, 17%, and 36% (eFT) of men with HF aged ≤ 45, 46-55, 56-65, and ≥ 66 years, respectively [35]. Most recent data from our centre indicate that in a group of 382 men with systolic HF treated according to the current standards, TT and eFT deficiency (defined as blood levels ≤ 10 th percentile in a population of healthy men of the same age) was found in 23% and 30% of men with HF aged < 60 years, and 23% and 34% of men aged ≥ 60 years, respectively [110]. Similar rates of testosterone deficiency in HF were reported by other authors [111].…”

Late‐onset hypogonadism in men with systolic heart failure: prevalence, clinical associates, and impact on long‐term survival

“…cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and hepatic diseases) and administered medications can further enhance a decrease in circulating testosterone in men along with advancing age . Being a cardiogeriatric syndrome, deadly, and costly, heart failure (HF) is characterized by a marked metabolic and hormonal dysfunction, and a significant proportion of men with this epidemic cardiovascular condition presents with testosterone deficiency …”

“…[3][4][5] Being a cardiogeriatric syndrome, 6 deadly, 7 and costly, 8 heart failure (HF) is characterized by a marked metabolic and hormonal dysfunction, [9][10][11][12][13] and a significant proportion of men with this epidemic cardiovascular condition presents with testosterone deficiency. [14][15][16][17] To date, the relationships between advancing age, testosterone deficiency, and specific sexual complaints (which constitute obligatory elements of a contemporary definition of LOH 18 ) have not been thoroughly studied in men with HF. Therefore, on the basis of the novel criteria of LOH established by the European Male Aging Study (EMAS) Group, 18 we assessed the prevalence of LOH in a group of men with stable systolic HF, along with their clinical associates and prognostic consequences.…”

Late-onset hypogonadism in men with systolic heart failure: prevalence, clinical associates, and impact on long-term survival

“…[3][4][5] Being a cardiogeriatric syndrome, 6 deadly, 7 and costly, 8 heart failure (HF) is characterized by a marked metabolic and hormonal dysfunction, [9][10][11][12][13] and a significant proportion of men with this epidemic cardiovascular condition presents with testosterone deficiency. [14][15][16][17] To date, the relationships between advancing age, testosterone deficiency, and specific sexual complaints (which constitute obligatory elements of a contemporary definition of LOH 18 ) have not been thoroughly studied in men with HF. Therefore, on the basis of the novel criteria of LOH established by the European Male Aging Study (EMAS) Group, 18 we assessed the prevalence of LOH in a group of men with stable systolic HF, along with their clinical associates and prognostic consequences.…”