An XPS investigation of thermal degradation and charring on poly(vinyl chloride)–clay nanocomposites

Du, Jianshi; Wang, Dongyan; Wilkie, Charles A.; Wang, Jiangqi

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00295-1

Cited by 66 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Previous studies showed that PVC clay nanocomposites have intercalated or exfoliated structures depending on the type of organic modifier of the clay. 1,2,5,6 The flame retardancy, 3 dimensional stability, gas permeability barrier properties 4 , and mechanical properties 1,5,6 of PVC/clay nanocomposites could be highly enhanced with a low extent of clay addition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a study on the thermal stability of PVC/clay nanocomposites by Xray photoelectron spectra reported that clay could enhance the thermal stability by delayed loss of allylic species. 3 To explore the effect of montmorillonite (MMT) on the processing discoloration and thermal degradation of PVC, we investigated the dynamic thermal degradation of PVC using thermogravimetric analysis and calculated the kinetic parameters according to the FlynnWall-Ozawa 10 and Kissinger methods. 11 In addition, the effects of sodium montmorillonite (Na ϩ -MMT) and alkyl ammonium ion modified montmorillonite (OMMT) on the processing stability and thermal degradation of PVC were also compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Processing thermal stability and degradation kinetics of poly(vinyl chloride)/montmorillonite composites

Wan

Tian

Cui

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Thermal stability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based montmorillonite composites with either sodium montmorillonite (MMT) or alkyl ammonium ion modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The apparent activation energies associated with the first thermal degradation stage were calculated by the methods of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger in nitrogen atmosphere at several different heating rates. The processing thermal stability of PVC and PVC/ MMT(OMMT) composites was also discussed. Increase of mixing torque did not result in a larger intercalation extent of PVC on MMT; instead, it unexpectedly induced discoloration of PVC and then deteriorated the processing stability, especially in the presence of OMMT. The apparent activation energies in the first thermal degradation stage exhibited little difference among PVC, PVC/MMT, and PVC/OMMT composites, and the kinetic compensation effect of S p * kept a constant value, indicating that the thermal stability and thermal degradation mechanism of PVC were not affected by the presence of either MMT or OMMT, although the processing discoloration of PVC is observed for PVC/ OMMT composite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing thermal stability and degradation kinetics of poly(vinyl chloride)/montmorillonite composites

Wan

Tian

Cui

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The research by Wang et al [62,[81][82][83] showed that X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was an effective tool to study the flame retarded mechanism of polymer/clay nanocomposites. The studies indicated that clay degrades into SiO 2 -like substances that migrate to the surface of materials during combustion.…”

Section: Flame Retarded Polymer Nanocomposites 21 Flame Retarded Polmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retarded polymer nanocomposites: Development, trend and future perspective

Song

Fang

2011

Sci. China Chem.

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Polymer nanocomposites are a new class of flame retarded materials which have attracted much attention and considered as a revolutionary new flame retardant approach. A very small amount of nano flame retardants (normally < 5 wt%) can significantly reduce the heat release rate (HRR) and smoke emission (SEA) during the combustion of polymer materials. Moreover, the addition of nano flame retardants can also improve the mechanical properties of polymer materials compared with the deterioration of traditional flame retardants. This paper reviews the recent development in the flame retardant field of polymer nanocomposites and also introduces the related research in our lab. The challenges and problems are discussed and the future development of flame retarded polymer nanocomposites is prospected.nanocomposite, layered silicate, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, flame retardancy

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“…These multilayered structures might be formed from the collapse of fairly dispersed clay layers during combustion. 21,29,30 But the aggregated structures of clays, which might be formed in the previous compounding step, are seen in the TEM image of the microcomposite. From these results, one possible mechanism to explain how the peak HRR of the clay nanocomposite is lower than that of neat resin, is the formation of a carbonaceous residue with high thermal stability that acts as a protective barrier by reducing the heat and mass transfer between the flame and the polymer and the progressive increase of the barrier effect induced by reassembly of the clay layers.…”

Section: Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile and flammability properties of polypropylene‐based RTPO/clay nanocomposites for cable insulating material

Hong

Lee

Bae

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nanocomposites of polypropylene-based RTPO with organically modified clays were prepared by melt compounding of three components, that is, polypropylene-based RTPO, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene oligomer (PPgMA), and organically modified clay. Their morphologies, tensile behaviors, and flammability properties were investigated. In the clay nanocomposites, the silicate layers were dispersed at the nanometer level, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The tensile yield strength of nanocomposites containing 10 wt % clay exhibited 2.8 times higher value compared with that of neat resin. The combustion behavior of the nanocomposites was evaluated by measuring the heat release rate (HRR) using cone calorimetry. The peak HRR was lowered greatly and the char yield was very high compared with those of neat resin. However, these flame retardant properties of clay are not sufficient as a flame retardant used alone in cable applications.

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An XPS investigation of thermal degradation and charring on poly(vinyl chloride)–clay nanocomposites

Abstract: This paper is NOT THE PUBLISHED VERSION; but the author's final, peer-reviewed manuscript. The published version may be accessed by following the link in th citation below.

Cited by 66 publications

References 20 publications

Processing thermal stability and degradation kinetics of poly(vinyl chloride)/montmorillonite composites

Processing thermal stability and degradation kinetics of poly(vinyl chloride)/montmorillonite composites

Flame retarded polymer nanocomposites: Development, trend and future perspective

Tensile and flammability properties of polypropylene‐based RTPO/clay nanocomposites for cable insulating material

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