An XPS characterization of FeCO3 films from CO2 corrosion

Heuer, J. K.; Stubbins, James F.

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(98)00180-2

Cited by 388 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This will be picked up by the XPS mapping. High-resolution scans performed at 0.1 eV step over the eroded API X100 steel surface, showing a peak at 709.82 eV, which indicates the presence of Fe and is consistent with the previous studies [47]. In addition, the peak observed at about 713.53 eV is also evident of Fe 3+ compound.…”

Section: Xps Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

Okonkwo

Shakoor

Zagho

et al. 2016

Metals

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Abstract:Erosion is the gradual removal of material due to solid particle impingement and results in a failure of pipeline materials. In this study, a series of erosion tests were carried out to investigate the influence of particle speed and impact angle on the erosion mechanism of API X100 pipeline steel. A dry erosion machine was used as the test equipment, while the particle speed ranged from 20 to 80 m/s and impact angles of 30 • and 90 • were used as test parameters. The eroded API X100 steel surface was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The weight loss and erosion rate were also investigated. The results showed that at a 90 • impact angle, a ploughing mechanism was occurring on the tested specimens, while material removal through low-angle cutting was the dominant mechanism at lower impact angles. Embedment of alumina particles on the target steel surface, micro-cutting, and low-angle cutting were observed at low impact angles. Therefore, the scratches, cuttings, and severe ploughings observed on some failed oil and gas pipelines could be attributed to the erosion mechanism.

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Section: Xps Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

Okonkwo

Shakoor

Zagho

et al. 2016

Metals

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show abstract

“…However, the peaks at 163 and 170 eV binding energy (Figure 8b) indicate the presence of sulfur and thus deduce the possible formation of sulfide layers on the corroded API X100 steel surfaces. This is in good agreement with previous studies [48]. Figure 9 shows the XRD spectra of the corroded API X100 steel samples in saline and sour solutions.…”

Section: Surface Characterizationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Corrosion Behavior of API X100 Steel Material in a Hydrogen Sulfide Environment

Okonkwo

Shakoor

Benamor

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:Recently, the API X100 steel has emerged as an important pipeline material for transportation of crude oil and natural gas. At the same time, the presence of significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in natural gas and crude oil cause pipeline materials to corrode, which affects their integrity. In this study, the effect of H 2 S concentration on the corrosion behavior of API X100 in 3.5% NaCl solution is presented. The H 2 S gas was bubbled into saline solutions for different durations, and the corrosion tests were then performed using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the corroded surface. The results indicate that the corrosion rate of API X100 steel decreases with increasing H 2 S bubbling time due to the increase in H 2 S concentration in 3.5% NaCl solutions. It is noticed that an accumulation of a critical amount of hydrogen in the metal can result in hydrogen-induced crack initiation and propagation. It was further observed that, when the stress limit of a crystalline layer is exceeded, micro-cracking of the formed protective sulfide layer (mackinawite) occurs on the API X100 steel surface, which may affect the reliability of the pipeline system.

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“…Argon sputtering is known to convert FeCO 3 to FeO (Heuer & Stubbins, 1999), and correspondingly we did not observe FeCO 3 , which can be identified from its high-bindingenergy contribution to C1s, in our spectra. All spectra were calibrated to the C-C adventitious carbon peak at 284.8 eV.…”

Section: Xps Analysescontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…In each spectrum, the dominant C1s component was (Grosvenor, et al, 2004). (Grosvenor, et al, 2004;Heuer & Stubbins, 1999 …”

Section: Xps Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow-Assisted Corrosion in Coal Seam Gas Infrastructure

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An XPS characterization of FeCO3 films from CO2 corrosion

Cited by 388 publications

References 6 publications

Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

Corrosion Behavior of API X100 Steel Material in a Hydrogen Sulfide Environment

Flow-Assisted Corrosion in Coal Seam Gas Infrastructure

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