Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

Okonkwo, Paul C.; Shakoor, Abdul; Zagho, Moustafa M.; Mohamed, A.M.A.

doi:10.3390/met6100232

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The second possible reason is that Figure 6 displays the erosion rate of Al x CoCrFeNiTi 0.5 HEA coatings and Cr16 alloy as a function of impingement angle after erosion for 30 min. The Al 1.0 HEA coating and Cr16 alloy showed the maximum erosion rate at 45 • , then the erosion rate decreasing gradually with the impingement angle, which is consistent with the theory of the ductile mode of erosion behavior [19,20]. The erosion rate of the Al 1.5 HEA coating approached a maximum at 60 • and then decreased at 90 • .…”

Section: Microstructure and Xrd Analysissupporting

confidence: 73%

Slurry Erosion Behavior of AlxCoCrFeNiTi0.5 High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated by Laser Cladding

Zhao

et al. 2018

Metals

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High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have gained extensive attention due to their excellent properties and the related scientific value in the last decade. In this work, Al x CoCrFeNiTi 0.5 HEA coatings (x: molar ratio, x = 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5) were fabricated on Q345 steel substrate by laser-cladding process to develop a practical protection technology for fluid machines. The effect of Al content on their phase evolution, microstructure, and slurry erosion performance of the HEA coatings was studied. The Al x CoCrFeNiTi 0.5 HEA coatings are composed of simple face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC) and their mixture phase. Slurry erosion tests were conducted on the HEA coatings with a constant velocity of 10.08 m/s and 16-40 meshs and particles at impingement angles of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 degrees. The effect of three parameters, namely impingement angle, sand concentration and erosion time, on the slurry erosion behavior of Al x CoCrFeNiTi 0.5 HEA coatings was investigated. Experimental results show AlCoCrFeNiTi 0.5 HEA coating follows a ductile erosion mode and a mixed mode (neither ductile nor brittle) for Al 1.5 CoCrFeNiTi 0.5 HEA coating, while Al 2.0 CoCrFeNiTi 0.5 and Al 2.5 CoCrFeNiTi 0.5 HEA coatings mainly exhibit brittle erosion mode. AlCoCrFeNiTi 0.5 HEA coating has good erosion resistance at all investigated impingement angles due to its high hardness, good plasticity, and low stacking fault energy (SFE).

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Section: Microstructure and Xrd Analysissupporting

confidence: 73%

Slurry Erosion Behavior of AlxCoCrFeNiTi0.5 High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated by Laser Cladding

Zhao

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…Experimental study of these parameters on erosion process is one of the effective ways to analyse the erosion mechanism. Okonkwo et al [5] studied the erosion behaviour of pipeline steel at particle speed ranging 20-80 m/s and impact angle at 30°and 90°. The authors have found that ploughing mechanism is dominated at 90°i mpact angle while cutting at 30°impact angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion behaviour of boiler component materials at room temperature and 400 °C temperature

Singh

Mishra

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Degradation of boiler tube components in Indian thermal power plants is mainly done through solid particle erosion due to exposure in erosive ash environment. Some important parameter such as hardness, erodent velocity, temperature, impact angle, shape and size are majorly affected the erosion wear. In this study, the erosion wear behaviour of SAE 208 grade steel, SAE213-T12 boiler steel, SAE213-T91 boiler steel and IS 2062 structural steel were investigated using an air jet erosion test rig. The erosion tests were carried out at the impact angles of 30°and 90°, impact velocity of 42.3 m/s at room temperature and 400°C. The position of sample holder was adjusted in such a way that erosion wear scar occur at the central region of the samples. For each experiment, the erosion test was continued until the steady state erosion rate was achieved as per ASTM standard. The variation in erosion rate data has been plotted against cumulative mass of erodent for boiler and structural steel samples. The steady state erosion rates for different steel samples are calculated and compared. The surfaces of tested samples are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to understand the erosion mechanism. The results showed that the ductile behaviour of erosion mechanism is dominated at both room temperature and 400°C temperature. Mechanism involved at 90°impact angle is plastic deformation with formation of craters and at 30°impact angle is cutting and ploughing.

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“…The chemical composition of the API X100 steel used in the present study was determined by an optical emission (OE) spectrometer, ARL 3460 (Thermo Fisher Scientific SARL, Ecublens, Switzerland). The sample preparation procedure and the chemical composition are detailed elsewhere [28,29].…”

Section: Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Switzerland). The sample preparation procedure and the chemical composition are detailed elsewhere [28,29].…”

Section: Electrochemical Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior of API X100 Steel Material in a Hydrogen Sulfide Environment

Okonkwo

Shakoor

Benamor

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:Recently, the API X100 steel has emerged as an important pipeline material for transportation of crude oil and natural gas. At the same time, the presence of significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in natural gas and crude oil cause pipeline materials to corrode, which affects their integrity. In this study, the effect of H 2 S concentration on the corrosion behavior of API X100 in 3.5% NaCl solution is presented. The H 2 S gas was bubbled into saline solutions for different durations, and the corrosion tests were then performed using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the corroded surface. The results indicate that the corrosion rate of API X100 steel decreases with increasing H 2 S bubbling time due to the increase in H 2 S concentration in 3.5% NaCl solutions. It is noticed that an accumulation of a critical amount of hydrogen in the metal can result in hydrogen-induced crack initiation and propagation. It was further observed that, when the stress limit of a crystalline layer is exceeded, micro-cracking of the formed protective sulfide layer (mackinawite) occurs on the API X100 steel surface, which may affect the reliability of the pipeline system.

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Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

Cited by 23 publications

References 51 publications

Slurry Erosion Behavior of AlxCoCrFeNiTi0.5 High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated by Laser Cladding

Slurry Erosion Behavior of AlxCoCrFeNiTi0.5 High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated by Laser Cladding

Erosion behaviour of boiler component materials at room temperature and 400 °C temperature

Corrosion Behavior of API X100 Steel Material in a Hydrogen Sulfide Environment

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