Abstract:SUMMARYWe show that OsSERK2 is a regulator of innate immune signaling mediated by multiple non-RD receptor kinases (RKs) including XA21, XA3, and OsFLS2. OsSerk2-silenced rice lines are impaired in XA21-mediated immunity to Xoo PXO99, XA3-mediated immunity to Xoo PXO86, and OsFLS2-mediated defense responses. Thus, OsSERK2 is broadly involved in PRR-mediated immunity in rice.
“…The SERK proteins have also been shown to serve various other BR-independent functions by forming heterocomplexes with SG_XIIa receptors (FLS2 and EFR, structure O in Figure 5 ) and the PEP1 RECEPTOR proteins (PEPR1, SG_XI N4 in Figure 5 ) (Chinchilla et al, 2007; Heese et al, 2007; Albrecht et al, 2008; Schulze et al, 2010; Roux et al, 2011; Koller and Bent, 2014). In rice, OsSERK2 (SG_II B.3 in Figure 5 ) forms a constitutive complex with the LRR-RLK Xa21 (SG_XIIa O in Figure 5 ) (Chen et al, 2014). Thus, these SERK co-receptors (4-5 LRRs) seem to play a central role in the regulation of multiple LRR-RLKs (>20 LRRs) by interacting directly with them (Aker and de Vries, 2008; Chinchilla et al, 2009; Kim et al, 2013; Santiago et al, 2013; Sun et al, 2013).…”
Leucine-Rich Repeats Receptor-Like Kinase (LRR-RLK) genes represent a large and complex gene family in plants, mainly involved in development and stress responses. These receptors are composed of an LRR-containing extracellular domain (ECD), a transmembrane domain (TM) and an intracellular kinase domain (KD). To provide new perspectives on functional analyses of these genes in model and non-model plant species, we performed a phylogenetic analysis on 8,360 LRR-RLK receptors in 31 angiosperm genomes (8 monocots and 23 dicots). We identified 101 orthologous groups (OGs) of genes being conserved among almost all monocot and dicot species analyzed. We observed that more than 10% of these OGs are absent in the Brassicaceae species studied. We show that the ECD structural features are not always conserved among orthologs, suggesting that functions may have diverged in some OG sets. Moreover, we looked at targets of positive selection footprints in 12 pairs of OGs and noticed that depending on the subgroups, positive selection occurred more frequently either in the ECDs or in the KDs.
“…The SERK proteins have also been shown to serve various other BR-independent functions by forming heterocomplexes with SG_XIIa receptors (FLS2 and EFR, structure O in Figure 5 ) and the PEP1 RECEPTOR proteins (PEPR1, SG_XI N4 in Figure 5 ) (Chinchilla et al, 2007; Heese et al, 2007; Albrecht et al, 2008; Schulze et al, 2010; Roux et al, 2011; Koller and Bent, 2014). In rice, OsSERK2 (SG_II B.3 in Figure 5 ) forms a constitutive complex with the LRR-RLK Xa21 (SG_XIIa O in Figure 5 ) (Chen et al, 2014). Thus, these SERK co-receptors (4-5 LRRs) seem to play a central role in the regulation of multiple LRR-RLKs (>20 LRRs) by interacting directly with them (Aker and de Vries, 2008; Chinchilla et al, 2009; Kim et al, 2013; Santiago et al, 2013; Sun et al, 2013).…”
Leucine-Rich Repeats Receptor-Like Kinase (LRR-RLK) genes represent a large and complex gene family in plants, mainly involved in development and stress responses. These receptors are composed of an LRR-containing extracellular domain (ECD), a transmembrane domain (TM) and an intracellular kinase domain (KD). To provide new perspectives on functional analyses of these genes in model and non-model plant species, we performed a phylogenetic analysis on 8,360 LRR-RLK receptors in 31 angiosperm genomes (8 monocots and 23 dicots). We identified 101 orthologous groups (OGs) of genes being conserved among almost all monocot and dicot species analyzed. We observed that more than 10% of these OGs are absent in the Brassicaceae species studied. We show that the ECD structural features are not always conserved among orthologs, suggesting that functions may have diverged in some OG sets. Moreover, we looked at targets of positive selection footprints in 12 pairs of OGs and noticed that depending on the subgroups, positive selection occurred more frequently either in the ECDs or in the KDs.
“…Thus, the binding of FLS2 to flg22 recruits BAK1 to form a heterodimer, resulting in rapid phosphorylation of both FLS2 and BAK1 (Chinchilla et al, 2007;Heese et al, 2007;Schulze et al, 2010;Roux et al, 2011). Molecular and genetic studies showed that SERKs are also recruited to EFR, PEPRs, and Xa21 upon ligand binding and required for signaling (Roux et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2014;Yamada et al, 2016a). In addition, LRR-RKs for peptide hormones, including tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor (TDIF), INFLORESCENCE DEFIECIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), PHYTOSULFOKINE (PSK), and ROOT GROWTH FACTORS (RGFs), also require SERKs for function Tang et al, 2015;Song et al, 2016;Santiago et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016).…”
Section: Ligand Binding and Oligomerization Of Prr Receptor Complexesmentioning
“…Similarly, reduced expression was not observed in the XA21 signaling components OsSERK2, XB3, XB15, XB21, or XB24, indicating that LRR1Ri specifically reduced Xa21 transcript levels. To determine if silencing of OsSERK2 also reduces Xa21 transcript levels, we compared Xa21 expression between XA21 rice and a homozygous line expressing an OsSERK2 silencing construct (XA21-OsSERKRi) (Chen et al 2014). No statistical difference in Xa21 expression was detected, indicating that silencing of OsSERK2 does not significantly reduce Xa21 transcript levels (Additional file 8: Figure S8).Fig.…”
BackgroundThe rice immune receptor XA21 confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight. We previously demonstrated that an auxilin-like protein, XA21 BINDING PROTEIN 21 (XB21), positively regulates resistance to Xoo.ResultsTo further investigate the function of XB21, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen. We identified 22 unique XB21 interacting proteins, including LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT PROTEIN 1 (LRR1), which we selected for further analysis. Silencing of LRR1 in the XA21 genetic background (XA21-LRR1Ri) compromises resistance to Xoo compared with control XA21 plants. XA21-LRR1Ri plants have reduced Xa21 transcript levels and reduced expression of genes that serve as markers of XA21-mediated activation. Overexpression of LRR1 is insufficient to alter resistance to Xoo in rice lines lacking XA21.ConclusionsTaken together, our results indicate that LRR1 is required for wild-type Xa21 transcript expression and XA21-mediated immunity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-017-0162-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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