An X-ray Study of Regain-dependent Deformations in Cotton Crystallites

Perel, Julius

doi:10.1080/00405009008658707

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The fact that the unit cell dimensions of the historic linen fibers match those of modern linen indicates that the degradation incurred in the deep ocean environment proceeds in paths that do not alter the intermolecular relationships of the cellulose molecules within a crystal unit. Thus the degradation results in structural reordering of accessible amorphous areas, as suggested by Perel [20] ] and others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…10-the weighting factor corresponding to maximum intensity. The value of the maximum intensity of the diffraction peak obtained through the stated regression analysis is e(intercept); it differs from the intensities observed among the regression data points and corresponds to the independent variable at the point 280, We obtained the set of weighting values Ili by generating ratios of M, to cao and observing that throughout the range, uncertainty in 20 is constant so that 8 ( 29 ); = 8 ( 20)j; thus, the general form of the weighting factor D¡ becomes…”

Section: Spectral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determinations of crystal size and of percent crystalline composition have been used to support the validity of proposed structure models, as well as to describe structural consequences of degradation or chemical treatment of fibers [ e.g., 5,20 ] . In addition, crystal size and percent crystallinity have been linked to the physical performance properties of fibers and fabrics [ e.g., 31,13] and related to physical property changes as a consequence of degradation of cellulosic polymers [ e.g., 31,1 ] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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X-Ray Diffractometric Measurement of Microcrystallite Size, Unit Cell Dimensions, and Crystallinity: Application to Cellulosic Marine Textiles

Foreman

Jakes

1993

Textile Research Journal

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Procedures were developed to enable standard x-ray diffractometric equipment to be used to study and compare textile fiber crystallographic characteristics. The approach was based on fitting diffractometric data to the Gaussian distribution by weighted regression analysis, which also supported an assessment of error propagation. Crystallite dimensions were obtained through the Scherrer method using analytically derived spectral line breadths. Percent crystalline component was determined by summing background-corrected amorphous and crystalline components of the spectra. A diffractometric analysis was made of samples of rare textiles recovered from a 133-year old shipwreck, as well as modem fabrics submerged for three months at the same deep ocean site. The microcrystallite size of the historic textile materials increased, while the percent crystalline component decreased and unit cell dimensions remained constant. The crystallite sizes of modern linen immersed for three months with iron, copper, or alone did not increase, while the percent crystalline component decreased and the unit cell dimensions remained constant. While x-ray diffractometric studies of fibers have been conducted for years, the work we report here concerns a data processing method we have developed to assess experimental errors through regression analysis and propagation of error techniques applied to the Scherrer method of crystallite size evaluation. We have included in the method a scheme with which to weight the observed intensity values, as well as a mechanism for calculating the percent crystalline component. This study significantly builds on our preliminary work [ 7 ] .As an example of the method, we subjected a group of textiles recovered from a deep ocean environment to diffractometric analysis. One group was recovered from the interior of a trunk that sank to the ocean floor in 1857 and was raised in 1990. A second group we examined was composed of modem textiles submerged at the same deep ocean site for a period of three months and retrieved in October 1991.Review of Literature X-ray diffractometric analysis of cellulosic fibers yields data useful in deducing the arrangement of polymer molecules within those fibers. Cellulose fiber structures contain highly ordered crystalline domains interposed among amorphous zones and, in varying degree, ordered along the fiber axis [ 27,16 ] .Determinations of crystal size and of percent crystalline composition have been used to support the validity of proposed structure models, as well as to describe structural consequences of degradation or chemical treatment of fibers [ e.g., 5, 20 ] . In addition, crystal size and percent crystallinity have been linked to the physical performance properties of fibers and fabrics [ e.g., 31, 13] and related to physical property changes as a consequence of degradation of cellulosic polymers [ e.g., 31, 1 ] . Rau [22] has summarized the Scherrer technique for determining crystallite size and demonstrated the general method for crystallites ranging from 20 to ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Spectral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-Ray Diffractometric Measurement of Microcrystallite Size, Unit Cell Dimensions, and Crystallinity: Application to Cellulosic Marine Textiles

Foreman

Jakes

1993

Textile Research Journal

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“…When the crystalline cellulose content is high, these two peaks are more pronounced, and when the fibre contains large amounts of amorphous material (such as lignin, hemicelluloses, pectins and amorphous cellulose), these two peaks are smeared and appear as one broad peak (Perel, 1990). It can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Crystal transition from cellulose I to cellulose II in NaOH treated Agave americana L. fibre

Oudiani

Chaabouni

Msahli

et al. 2011

Carbohydrate Polymers

245

106

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“…Figure 3 illustrates the XRD patterns of bio-residue before and after chemical/mechanical treatments. The diffraction lines pertain to cellulose I type as there was no doublet in the main peak at 2θ = 22.6˚ [23]. The diffractograms of both untreated and treated samples display a well-defined main peak around 2θ = 22.6˚, associated with the diffraction plane (002) of cellulose I [21].…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 96%

Alkali Treatment and Cellulose Nanowhiskers Extracted from Maize Stalk Residues

Motaung¹,

Mtibe²

2015

MSA

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The aim of this study was to investigate the use of effect of pulveriser and extraction of cellulosenanowhiskers (CNWs) on Maize stalks. Maize stalk residues were first subjected to a cutting mill for size reduction purified using mechanical, chemical extraction and bleaching. After chemical extraction, high quality cellulose resulted and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) were then extracted using chemical acid hydrolysis. The chemical compositions and mechanical properties of the maize stalk residues were examined before and after purification by using standard methods, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology and dimensions of the isolated cellulose nanowhiskers were characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM). The crystallinity index increased upon mechanical and chemical extraction. Thermal stability of cellulose derived from maize stalk improved with chemical treatment due to new functional groups introduced on the surface and enhancement in crystallinity. Highly dispersed cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) were successfully extracted from maize stalk residues with diameters ranging between 3 and 7 nm, length ranges between 150 -450 nm, respectively.

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An X-ray Study of Regain-dependent Deformations in Cotton Crystallites

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

X-Ray Diffractometric Measurement of Microcrystallite Size, Unit Cell Dimensions, and Crystallinity: Application to Cellulosic Marine Textiles

X-Ray Diffractometric Measurement of Microcrystallite Size, Unit Cell Dimensions, and Crystallinity: Application to Cellulosic Marine Textiles

Crystal transition from cellulose I to cellulose II in NaOH treated Agave americana L. fibre

Alkali Treatment and Cellulose Nanowhiskers Extracted from Maize Stalk Residues

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