An Urban Form Experiment on Urban Heat Island Effect in High Density Area

Hu, Yingfei; White, Marcus; Ding, Wowo

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.10.020

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…For example, Yang studied the summer heat island intensity of three high-rise residential districts in Shanghai, based on the three indices of building layout, density, and greening [1]. Hu used nine urban design factors to construct the Sky View Factor (SVF), studied high-density urban areas with high UHI and low SVF as the research object, and tested the possibility of UHI by optimizing the urban-form SVF [24].Remote sensing technology, as an accurate and timely means to obtain macroscopic information on the Earth's surface, has been widely used in many fields [25]. Thermal infrared remote sensing technology is a common means of monitoring LST [26,27].…”

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Correlation Analysis between UBD and LST in Hefei, China, Using Luojia1-01 Night-Time Light Imagery

et al. 2019

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The urban heat island (UHI) is one of the essential phenomena of the modern urban climate. In recent years, urbanization in China has gradually accelerated, and the heat island effect has also intensified as the urban impervious surface area and the number of buildings is increasing. Urban building density (UBD) is one of the main factors affecting UHI, but there is little discussion on the relationship between the two. This paper takes Hefei as the research area, combines UBD data estimated by Luojia1-01 night-time light (NTL) imagery as the research object with land surface temperature (LST) data obtained from Landsat8 images, and carries out spatial correlation analysis on 0.5 × 0.5 km to 2 × 2 km resolution for them, so as to explore the relationship between UBD and UHI. The results show the following: (1) Luojia1-01 data have a good ability to estimate UBD and have fewer errors when compared with the actual UBD data; (2) At the four spatial scales, UBD and LST present a significant positive correlation that increases with the enlargement of the spatial scale; and (3) Moreover, the fitting effect of the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model is better than that of the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 5224 2 of 20 absorbing heat faster and the specific heat capacity being smaller gives rise to limited heat release. In this way, the average LST in the area gradually increases with the spatial distribution of the UHI area to become more continuous and concentrated, forming a high-temperature area centered on artificial buildings in the city [1,9,10]. However, our comprehensive literature research found that past studies focused on the analysis of seasonal, daily, and annual variations of the UHI, which revealed the temporal and spatial variation of the UHI, the distribution characteristics of the horizontal and vertical directions, etc., while there has been less quantitative analysis of the single factors of UHIs, especially discussion of the ubiquitous relationship between impervious surfaces and UHI in the city.As an integral part of the urban impervious surface percentage, the urban building density (UBD) (percentage of built area) can directly reflect the degree of intensification and land-use efficiency in cities to some extent [11]. It is also an essential comprehensive social indicator that can function as an urban planning layout measure [12,13], resource utilization efficiency measure [14,15], and assessment of the urban ecological environment and livability [16][17][18][19]. Some researchers have pointed out that UBD is a crucial indicator to reduce the UHI effect [20] and proved a positive correlation between UBD and LST or UHI [21][22][23]. Additionally, researchers have tried to use a variety of urban design factors to study the relationships of UHIs, including UBD information. For example, Yang studied the summer heat island intensity of three high-rise residential districts in Shanghai, based on the three indices of building layout, density, and greeni...

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Correlation Analysis between UBD and LST in Hefei, China, Using Luojia1-01 Night-Time Light Imagery

et al. 2019

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“…Indicators mentioned as strongly affecting urban microclimate parameters (wind characteristics, air temperature, humidity, and solar radiation) are continuing to rise with the fast growth in urbanization and UHII [24]. According to the significant impact of land use, urban morphology, building form, and design layout on UHII [20,[25][26][27][28][29] and the lack of proper tactics to get rid of the UHII, methods and roadmap to accomplish the goal of the study are as follows.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Interactive Impact of Building Diversity on the Thermal Balance and Micro-Climate Change under the Influence of Rapid Urbanization

Makvandi

Elsadek

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Numerous cities face the serious problems of rapid urbanization and climate change, especially in recent years. Among all cities, Wuhan is one of the most affected by these changes, accompanied by the transformation of water surfaces into urban lands and the decline of natural ventilation. This study investigated the impact of surface urban heat island enlargement (SUHI) and block morphology changes in heat balance. Accordingly, the interactive impact of building diversity with major building forms (low-rise, mid-rise, and high-rise) on thermal balance and microclimate changes under the influence of urban land expansion at the residential block scale was studied. To investigate the heat balance changes by air temperature intensification and air movement reduction, a long-term and field observational analysis (1980–2018) coupled with computational fluid dynamic simulation (CFD) was used to evaluate the impact of building diversity on thermal balance. Outcomes show that urban heat island intensity (UHII) increased by 2 ℃ when water surfaces in urban areas decreased; consequently, there was a deterioration in the air movement to alleviate UHII. Thus, the air movement declined substantially with UHII and SUHI enlargement, which, through increased urban surfaces and roughness length, will become worse by 2020. Furthermore, the decline in air movement caused by the transformation of urban water bodies cannot contribute to the heat balance unless reinforced by the morphology of the urban blocks. In the design of inner-city blocks, morphological indicators have a significant impact on microclimate and heat balance, where increasing building density and plot ratio will increase UHII, and increasing water surfaces will result in an increase in urban ventilation. Lastly, a substantial correlation between air temperature and relative humidity was found, which, together with the block indicators, can help control the air temperature and adjust the urban microclimate.

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“…Taleb et al applied a genetic algorithm in Rhino to generate a building form cluster that adapts to a dry and hot climate, covering environmental factors such as solar radiation, urban ventilation, building form, and orientation to achieve the best sustainable urban form [35]. Hu et al studied the potential of urban form design in reducing the heat-island effect with Grasshopper and genetic algorithms, and the results of this study show that it is possible to mitigate UHI by manipulating urban form based on sky view factor (SVF) [36]. Also, a GIS extension model was applied to simulate the UHI to calculate the UHI intensity based on urban geometry [37].…”

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Revealing Urban Morphology and Outdoor Comfort through Genetic Algorithm-Driven Urban Block Design in Dry and Hot Regions of China

Yin²,

Wang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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In areas with a dry and hot climate, factors such as strong solar radiation, high temperature, low humidity, dazzling light, and dust storms can tremendously reduce people’s thermal comfort. Therefore, researchers are paying more attention to outdoor thermal comfort in urban environments as part of urban design. This study proposed an automatic workflow to optimize urban spatial forms with the aim of improvement of outdoor thermal comfort conditions, characterized by the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). A city with a dry and hot climate—Kashgar, China—is further selected as an actual case study of an urban block and Rhino & Grasshopper is the platform used to conduct simulation and optimization process with the genetic algorithm. Results showed that in summer, the proposed method can reduce the averaged UTCI from 31.17 to 27.43 °C, a decrease of about 3.74 °C, and reduce mean radiation temperature (MRT) from 43.94 to 41.29 °C, a decrease of about 2.65 °C.

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An Urban Form Experiment on Urban Heat Island Effect in High Density Area

Cited by 56 publications

References 18 publications

Correlation Analysis between UBD and LST in Hefei, China, Using Luojia1-01 Night-Time Light Imagery

Correlation Analysis between UBD and LST in Hefei, China, Using Luojia1-01 Night-Time Light Imagery

The Interactive Impact of Building Diversity on the Thermal Balance and Micro-Climate Change under the Influence of Rapid Urbanization

Revealing Urban Morphology and Outdoor Comfort through Genetic Algorithm-Driven Urban Block Design in Dry and Hot Regions of China

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