An update on the utility and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Haake, Andrea; Nguyen, Kevin Tri; Friedman, Lauren G.; Chakkamparambil, Binu; Grossberg, George T.

doi:10.1080/14740338.2020.1721456

Cited by 115 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Therefore, inhibition of AChE is suggested to be a promising strategy [3], which restores the memory deficits in AD patients. Despite repeated failures in the formulation of preventive and disease-modifying therapies, the AChE inhibitors appear to play a crucial role in controlling the symptoms and potentially slowing the rate of AD progression [4]. Notably, research also suggested that people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia exhibited an increased risk of developing anxiety and depression as compared to people with normal cognitive function [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Facilitation and Antioxidant Effects of an Essential Oil Mix on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats: Molecular Modeling of In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches

et al. 2020

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The present study investigated the capability of an essential oil mix (MO: 1% and 3%) in ameliorating amnesia and brain oxidative stress in a rat model of scopolamine (Sco) and tried to explore the underlying mechanism. The MO was administered by inhalation to rats once daily for 21 days, while Sco (0.7 mg/kg) treatment was delivered 30 min before behavioral tests. Donepezil (DP: 5 mg/kg) was used as a positive reference drug. The cognitive-enhancing effects of the MO in the Sco rat model were assessed in the Y-maze, radial arm maze (RAM), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. As identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), the chemical composition of the MO is comprised by limonene (91.11%), followed by γ-terpinene (2.02%), β-myrcene (1.92%), β-pinene (1.76%), α-pinene (1.01%), sabinene (0.67%), linalool (0.55%), cymene (0.53%), and valencene (0.43%). Molecular interactions of limonene as the major compound in MO with the active site of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was explored via molecular docking experiments, and Van der Waals (vdW) contacts were observed between limonene and the active site residues SER198, HIS438, LEU286, VAL288, and PHE329. The brain oxidative status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BChE inhibitory activities were also determined. MO reversed Sco-induced memory deficits and brain oxidative stress, along with cholinesterase inhibitory effects, which is an important mechanism in the anti-amnesia effect. Our present findings suggest that MO ameliorated memory impairment induced by Sco via restoration of the cholinergic system activity and brain antioxidant status.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Facilitation and Antioxidant Effects of an Essential Oil Mix on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats: Molecular Modeling of In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches

et al. 2020

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“…It has been reported that loss of cholinergic neurons contributes to memory and attention deficits, which could lead to disease progression and clinical condition aggravation [ 28 ]. Cholinesterase inhibitor therapy has been developed as the standard and predominant treatment for relieving symptoms and possibly slowing down disease progression of AD [ 29 , 30 ]. Thus, drugs that act on the neurotransmitter transporter may represent a promising option to relieve and cure patients with AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and Identification of Potential Peripheral Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Bioinformatics Analysis

Wang

2020

Med Sci Monit

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“…Memantine, a non-competitive NMDA antagonist, proved to improve learning and memory by restoring homeostasis in the glutamatergic system [ 84 ]. The rest of them besides memantine are cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and are first-line, symptomatic treatments of the disease, with gastrointestinal side effects as the most common adverse reactions [ 85 ]. Ischemic stroke is by far the most common type of stroke, which ranks fifth among all causes of mortality.…”

Section: Nervous System Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Salvia miltiorrhiza as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Various Diseases: An Update on Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action

et al. 2020

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Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza) is a medicinal herb that has been used for the treatment for various diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in East Asia including Korea. Considering its extensive usage as a therapeutic agent for multiple diseases, there is a need to review previous research regarding its therapeutic benefits and their mechanisms. Therefore, we searched PubMed and PubMed Central for articles reporting its therapeutic effects on certain disease groups including cancers, cardiovascular, liver, and nervous system diseases. This review provides an overview of therapeutic benefits and targets of S. miltiorrhiza, including inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The findings on multi-functional properties of S. miltiorrhiza discussed in this article support the efficacy of S. miltiorrhiza extract on various diseases, but also call for further research on the multiple mechanisms that mediate its therapeutic effects.

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An update on the utility and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 115 publications

References 75 publications

Cognitive Facilitation and Antioxidant Effects of an Essential Oil Mix on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats: Molecular Modeling of In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches

Cognitive Facilitation and Antioxidant Effects of an Essential Oil Mix on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats: Molecular Modeling of In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches

Screening and Identification of Potential Peripheral Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Bioinformatics Analysis

Overview of Salvia miltiorrhiza as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Various Diseases: An Update on Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action

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