An update on the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Western Africa

Shiwani, Haaris A.; Pharithi, Rebabonye B; Khan, Barkat Ullah; Egom, Christian BinounA; Kružliak, Peter; Maher, Vincent; Egom, Emmanuel E.

doi:10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.12.008

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The 2014-2016 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa served as a wake-up call, highlighting the possibility of Ebola virus emergence into new and heavily populated regions and spurring the advancement of vaccine development and case-reactive ring vaccination methods (48,49). However, with >17,000 EVD survivors across West Africa and an unknown number of asymptomatic seroconverted persons (50), it is important to clarify the mechanistic basis of our findings because this knowledge will help guide future investigations into public health implications, including the risk for acquiring malaria among EVD survivors and the potential for added benefits of both Ebola and malaria vaccination campaigns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Ebola Virus and Risk for Infection with Malaria Parasites, Rural Gabon

Abbate¹,

Becquart²,

Leroy³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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M ajor outbreaks of infections with Ebola virus, such as the 2014-2016 West Africa epidemic and the ongoing 2018-2019 outbreak in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, pose several obvious and immediate threats to public health. Less obvious, but as concerning for public health, is the possibility that Ebola virus might also interact with common cocirculating infectious agents at both the population and within-host (individual) levels. Indeed, much attention has been paid to the relationship between malaria and Ebola virus disease (EVD), primarily because of the clinical resemblance between the 2 diseases (1) and the high frequency of Plasmodium spp. co-infection among patients undergoing treatment for confirmed EVD (2). At the individual level, several retrospective epidemiology studies of patients undergoing treatment for confirmed EVD have attempted to determine whether concurrent malaria affects patient outcomes. In Sierra Leone (3) and at 1 Ebola treatment center in Liberia (4), mortality risk was much higher among Ebola patients who were coinfected with Plasmodium parasites than among patients who were not co-infected, and a study in Guinea found that adverse outcomes were higher among EVD patients with higher P. falciparum parasite loads than among those with lower levels of parasitemia (5). A similar study of patients at several Ebola treatment centers in Liberia reported the opposite relationship, that the probability of survival for EVD patients was positively associated with both presence and level of Plasmodium spp. parasitemia (6). Together, these results point to a strong potential for biological interactions between Plasmodium parasites and Ebola virus that may influence the severity of EVD. At the population level, interruption of normal public health services and disease control measuresincluding patient avoidance of healthcare facilitiesduring an EVD epidemic has been projected to cause increases in untreated cases and deaths from malaria, in addition to several otherwise preventable or treatable diseases (7-9). Yet whether biological interactions at the within-host level, such as inflammatory processes leading to prolonged post-Ebola syndrome symptoms common in acute EVD survivors (10), may also lead to a change in malaria transmission dynamics by influencing susceptibility remains unknown. Knowledge of the extent of possible interactions between infection with Plasmodium parasites and Ebola virus is especially helpful because geographic regions where prevalence of antibodies against Ebola

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Ebola Virus and Risk for Infection with Malaria Parasites, Rural Gabon

Abbate¹,

Becquart²,

Leroy³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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show abstract

“…2,31 However, recent clusters of cases are still being reported as a result of virus spread from shedding survivors, and more are anticipated, with the virus still present in sub-Saharan Africa's ecosystem. 32 These facts underscore the importance of continuing efforts and collaborations that may ultimately lead to licensed Ebola vaccines that would protect humans and prevent or control outbreaks in the future.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus Ebola vaccine in healthy adults: a randomized clinical trial

ElSherif

Brown

MacKinnon‐Cameron

et al. 2017

CMAJ

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“…On the other hand, in lower‐income countries, communicable disease, such as respiratory infections, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Malaria, and tuberculosis (TB) are a much larger concern and among the top causes of death . Outbreaks of acute infectious disease are also a major concern as they not only can create a large death toll but also spread to other parts of the world if unchecked, such as the Ebola virus outbreak in 2014 that infected individuals in 10 different countries, caused 11,310 verified deaths, and cost $3.6 billion dollars to control . Much like the issues in developed countries, these diseases are often also preventable or treatable, but, in this case, the lack of adequate healthcare infrastructure makes such solutions infeasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point‐of‐Care Smartphone‐based Electrochemical Biosensing

Sun

Hall

2018

Electroanalysis

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Point‐of‐care (PoC) biosensors offer promising solutions to today's adverse and costly healthcare issues by moving diagnostic tools closer to the patient. The ubiquity of smartphones has brought about an emergence of PoC devices, which leverage the smartphone's capabilities, enabling the creation of low‐cost and portable biosensors. Electrochemical biosensors are well suited for PoC testing since the transducers can be miniaturized and inexpensively fabricated. This review paper discusses recent developments in smartphone‐based electrochemical biosensors for PoC diagnostics. These peripherals utilize the various connectivity options (for example proprietary ports, audio headphone‐jack, or wireless radio) to offload functionality to the smartphone. The smartphone‐based implementations of various electrochemical techniques, such as amperometry, potentiometry, and impedance spectroscopy are explored. Major challenges include reducing power, area, and cost of measurement circuitry, while maintaining adequate performance for PoC diagnostic applications.

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An update on the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Western Africa

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Exposure to Ebola Virus and Risk for Infection with Malaria Parasites, Rural Gabon

Exposure to Ebola Virus and Risk for Infection with Malaria Parasites, Rural Gabon

Assessing the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus Ebola vaccine in healthy adults: a randomized clinical trial

Point‐of‐Care Smartphone‐based Electrochemical Biosensing

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