An update on safety studies of SAD B19 rabies virus vaccine 
in target and non-target species

Vos, Adriaan; Neubert, Andreas; Aylan, O.; Schuster, Peter; Pommerening, E.; Müller, Thomas; Chivatsi, D. C.

doi:10.1017/s0950268899002666

Cited by 61 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Very few studies investigated the presence of rabies virus in salivary glands of such cases, and if done, results were negative (as described below). Experimental studies on SAD B19 vaccine safety were undertaken by the manufacturer in 16 animal species (Vos et al 1999). No vaccine virus was detected in the saliva of vaccinated animals except in foxes, in which the virus was detected in the tonsils and parts of the mucosa up to 4 days postinoculation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brain and salivary glands, on the other hand, were negative. Despite attenuation, SAD Bern and SAD B19 are pathogenic for adult mice and other rodent species (Apodemus sp., Microtus sp., Mus musculus, Microtus epiroticus, Apodemus sylvaticus), whatever the route of inoculation (cerebral, muscular, or oral) (Artois et al 1992;Vos et al 1999). A laboratory study (Rupprecht et al 1990) demonstrated that the SAD B19 vaccine caused rabies in skunks (Mephitis mephitis) via the oral route.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Vaccine-induced Rabies in a Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes): Isolation of Vaccine Virus in Brain Tissue and Salivary Glands

Hostnik

Rihtarič

Toplak

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Oral vaccination campaigns to eliminate fox rabies were initiated in Slovenia in 1995. In May 2012, a young fox (Vulpes vulpes) with typical rabies signs was captured. Its brain and salivary gland tissues were found to contain vaccine strain SAD B19. The Basic Logical Alignment Search Tool alignment of 589 nucleotides determined from the N gene of the virus isolated from the brain and salivary glands of the affected fox was 100% identical to the GenBank reference SAD B19 strain. Sequence analysis of the N and M genes (4,351 nucleotides) showed two nucleotide modifications at position 1335 (N gene) and 3114 (M gene) in the KC522613 isolate identified in the fox compared to SAD B19.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Vaccine-induced Rabies in a Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes): Isolation of Vaccine Virus in Brain Tissue and Salivary Glands

Hostnik

Rihtarič

Toplak

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Compared with the other well-known attenuated strains such as SAD B19(a mortality of 5.8% to rat and 2% to mice) [13,14] ,SAG2 (nonpathogenic to 6 week old mice) [15] and SRV9 (nonpathogenic to 18-day-old mice) [16] ,the CTN181-3 and CTN181-19 showed a comparable low residual pathogenicity to them as 80% of 14-day-old suckling mice infected with a dose of 4.0lgPFU virus of CTN181-3 [17] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroattenuation of three clone viruses isolated from the attenuated CTN rabies virus

Shi

Li³

2016

J. Appl. Virol.

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Three attenuated rabies virus strains(CTN181-3，CTN181-16 and CTN181-19), were selected by plaque cloning from CTN-181 rabies attenuated virus，which was infected guinea pigs submandibular glands.After passaging those viruses in suckling mice brain for five consecutive passages or in submandibular gland of guinea pigs for one passage, non-virulence reversion or increase were detected.The neuroattenuation stability make the three newly selected CTN attenuated strains the promising live vaccine candidates for wild animal prophylactic vaccination and even postexposure prophylaxis of rabies for humans.

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“…Thus, immunoglobulin was entirely excluded from this study. Furthermore, the SADB19 has been reported safe for many carnivores irrespective of the route of administration (Vos et al, 1999). The SRV9, as a derivative of the SADB19, may also be safe for many carnivores and some species of mammals (Wei et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of live attenuated and inactivated rabies viruses in prophylactic and post exposure vaccination against the street virus strain

Huang¹,

Ahmad²,

Duan³

et al. 2015

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Summary. -Rabies remains an enigmatic and widely discussed global infectious disease and causes an increasing number of deaths. The currently used highly effective prophylactic and post exposure (p.e.) vaccination depends solely upon inexpensive, effective and safe vaccines to counteract the spread of the disease. In this study, the potential of an attenuated Chinese rabies vaccine (SRV9) strain in prophylactic and p.e. vaccination against the street strain of rabies virus (RV) was evaluated in mice. Prophylactic vaccination consisting of one intramuscular (i.m.) dose of SRV9 protected 100% of mice from intracerebral (i.c.) challenge with a lethal dose of the street virus. The latter was detected in the brain of mice at day 6 post challenge by RT-PCR. Post exposure vaccination was performed at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 post infection (p.i.) with either SRV9 or inactivated rabies vaccine. The survival rates after i.m. inoculation of SRV9 at the indicated days were 70%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 10%, and 0%, respectively; the corresponding survival rates for the inactivated rabies vaccine were 30%, 20%, 10%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. However, 100%, 90%, 70%, 50%, 20%, 10%, and 10% of mice survived after i.c. inoculation of SRV9 at the indicated days. The increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the infiltration of CD19+ B cells into the central nervous system after i.c. inoculation of SRV9 are regarded as prerequisites for the clearance of the street virus. The obtained data suggest that SRV9 is a promising candidate for prophylactic and p.e. vaccination against rabies infection and that it exhibits a potential for the control of rabies in China.Keywords: attenuated rabies vaccine; inactivated rabies vaccine; post exposure vaccination * Corresponding author. E-mail: zhrei98@163.com; phone: +86-15044130833. The first three authors contributed equally to this work. Abbreviations: BBB = blood-brain barrier; CNS = central nervous system; i.c. = intracerebral(ly); i.m. = intramuscular(ly); p.i. = post inoculation/infection; p.e. = post exposure; PEP = post exposure prophylaxis; PrEP = pre exposure prophylaxis; RV = rabies virus

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An update on safety studies of SAD B19 rabies virus vaccine in target and non-target species

Cited by 61 publications

References 22 publications

Vaccine-induced Rabies in a Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes): Isolation of Vaccine Virus in Brain Tissue and Salivary Glands

Vaccine-induced Rabies in a Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes): Isolation of Vaccine Virus in Brain Tissue and Salivary Glands

The neuroattenuation of three clone viruses isolated from the attenuated CTN rabies virus

Efficiency of live attenuated and inactivated rabies viruses in prophylactic and post exposure vaccination against the street virus strain

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