An update on molecular mechanisms of curcumin effect on diabetes

Abstract

Owing to its prevalent nature, diabetes mellitus has become one of the most serious endocrine illnesses affecting a patient's quality of life due to the manifestation of side effects such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Curcumin ((1E, 6E) 21, 7‐bis (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione), a major compound of turmeric, has been used in conventional medicine because of its safe nature and cost‐effectiveness to meliorate diabetes and its comorbidities. These effects have also been observed in rodent models of diabetes resulting in a reduction of glycemia and blood lipids. Both the preventive and therapeutic activities of this compound are due to its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory characteristics. Furthermore, preclinical outcomes and clinical investigation demonstrate that the use of curcumin neutralizes insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperglycemia. Despite the many benefits of curcumin, its two limiting factors, solubility and bioavailability, remain a challenge for researchers; therefore, several methods such as drug formulation, nano‐drug delivery, and the use of curcumin analogs have been developed to deliver curcumin and increase its bioavailability. Practical applications The rise of people with type 2 diabetes has become a major concern at the global healthcare level. The best diabetes treatments today are anti‐diabetic drug administration, lifestyle‐related interventions (such as healthy eating and daily physical activity), arterial pressure detection, and fat control. The polyphenol curcumin, found in turmeric, can promote health by acting on a variety of cellular signaling pathways. This review article discusses curcumin and its role in the treatment of diabetes.

Natural Remedies for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

“…Diabetes has developed into one of the most significant endocrine diseases that negatively affect patients' quality of life as a result of complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and renal disease (Lu et al 2022). According to the 2013 global diabetes statistics, there are around 382 million cases of the illness globally, with 90% of cases belonging to type 2 diabetes (Z.…”

Reversal of Neuralgia Effect of Beta Carotene in Streptozotocin-Associated Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Female Zebrafish via Matrix Metalloprotease-13 Inhibition

“…Even in diabetic conditions, the progression of neuropathic pain with cellular stress is faster [ 10 ]. The subsequent event of ion channel alteration, lipid peroxidation, the decline the endogenous anti-oxidant activity, mitochondrial dysfunctions, DNA fragmentation, and the expression of abnormal apoptotic proteins contribute to the progression of neuropathic pain and DNP [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Recently, the expression of major matrix metallopeptidases (MMP), i.e., MMP-12, and MMP-13, and their activities are identified in the progression of neuronal damage and degraded skin collagen, which leads to alterations in the healthy nerve–muscle–skin connections [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) supplementation on glucose metabolism in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: An umbrella review and updated meta-analysis

“…The accessibility of advanced treatments among LMICs is limited due to the high cost of newer treatments [9]; thus, many LMICs, especially those in tropical regions, have attempted to uncover the pharmacological properties of native plants that have long been used for medicinal purposes [10]. Some plants have been extensively studied for diabetes, Curcuma longa L. (CL), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, has been used as both food and medicine [11][12][13]. Curcumin and its related compounds, such as curcuminoids and essential oils, have been extensively studied for their antidiabetic effects ranging from molecular mechanisms, cellular signaling, in vitro/in vivo studies and randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) [12,14,15].…”

“…Some plants have been extensively studied for diabetes, Curcuma longa L. (CL), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, has been used as both food and medicine [11][12][13]. Curcumin and its related compounds, such as curcuminoids and essential oils, have been extensively studied for their antidiabetic effects ranging from molecular mechanisms, cellular signaling, in vitro/in vivo studies and randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) [12,14,15]. Several systematic reviews and metaanalyses (SRMAs) of RCTs [15][16][17][18][19][20] have been performed to assess the anti-diabetic effects of curcumin, but the results obtained were conflicting due to different populations, CL preparation forms, duration of use and outcomes.…”