An update on carnosine and anserine research

Derave, Wim; Courten, Barbora de; Baba, Shahid P.

doi:10.1007/s00726-018-02689-9

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Anserine is another form of HDP that is obtained exogenously from protein supplementation. Anserine can be synthesized by carnosine methylation in most mammals, fish, and amphibians, but not in humans ( 48 ). Anserine exerts the same effects as carnosine and can alleviate glucose metabolism, proteinuria, and vascular permeability under diabetic conditions by inhibiting glycation, reducing oxidative damage, and enhancing antioxidant activity ( 49 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Profiling of Amino Acids in Human Plasma Distinguishes Diabetic Kidney Disease From Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a highly prevalent complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with DKD exhibit changes in plasma levels of amino acids (AAs) due to insulin resistance, reduced protein intake, and impaired renal transport of AAs. The role of AAs in distinguishing DKD from T2DM and healthy controls has yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the metabolomic profiling of AAs in the plasma of patients with DKD.Methods: We established an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to detect the plasma levels of the 20 AAs in healthy controls (n = 112), patients with T2DM (n = 101), and patients with DKD (n = 101). The key AAs associated with DKD were identified by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models with loading plots, shared and unique structures (SUS) plots, and variable importance in projection (VIP) values. The discrimination accuracies of these key AAs were then determined by analyses of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: Metabolomic profiling of plasma revealed significant alterations in levels of the 20 AAs in patients with DKD when compared to those in either patients with T2DM or healthy controls. Metabolomic profiling of the 20 AAs showed a visual separation of patients with DKD from patients with T2DM and healthy controls in OPLS-DA models. Based on loading plots, SUS plots, and VIP values in the OPLS-DA models, we identified valine and cysteine as potential contributors to the progression of DKD from patients with T2DM. Histidine was identified as a key mediator that could distinguish patients with DKD from healthy controls. Plasma levels of histidine and valine were decreased significantly in patients with DKD with a decline in kidney function, and had excellent performance in distinguishing patients with DKD from patients with T2DM and healthy controls according to ROC curves.Conclusion: Plasma levels of histidine and valine were identified as the main AAs that can distinguish patients with DKD. Our findings provide new options for the prevention, treatment, and management of DKD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Profiling of Amino Acids in Human Plasma Distinguishes Diabetic Kidney Disease From Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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“…Much research has demonstrated the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with carnosine on animal models of human diseases (Derave et al 2019). These effects include decreased plasma glucose and amelioration of diabetic complications (e.g., nephropathy, ocular damage, and retinopathy) in diabetic mice (Lee et al 2005;Pfister et al 2011); reduced lipid oxidation and augmented anti-oxidative capacities [e.g., restoring of blood glutathione and basal activities of antioxidant enzymes in aging rats (Aydin et al 2010a,b;Hipkiss and Brownson 2000)] and in pigs (Ma et al 2010); amelioration of acetaminophen-induced liver injury (Yan et al 2009), thioacetamide-or hyperammonemia-induced liver cirrhosis (Aydin et al 2010a,b;Jamshidzadeh et al 2017b), and ethanol-induced chronic liver injury in rats (Liu et al 2008).…”

Section: Health Benefits Of Carnosine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, although anserine and carnosine exhibit an equal anti-oxidative activity (Boldyrev et al 1988), anserine (1 mM), but not carnosine (1 mM), increased the protein and mRNA levels of heat shock protein-70 in renal tubular cells treated with 25 mM glucose or 20-100 µM hydrogen peroxide (Peters et al 2018). Furthermore, anserine, but not carnosine, inhibits carnosinase activity (Derave et al 2019). Thus, anserine may potentiate the action of carnosine in the body.…”

Section: Physiological Functions Of Anserinementioning

confidence: 99%

Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health

2020

Amino Acids

278

167

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Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-l-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino acid; also often referred to as an amino acid) were discovered in cattle, and the discovery of anserine (a methylated product of carnosine; β-alanyl-1-methyl-l-histidine) also originated with cattle. These five nutrients are highly abundant in beef, and have important physiological roles in anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory reactions, as well as neurological, muscular, retinal, immunological and cardiovascular function. Of particular note, taurine, carnosine, anserine, and creatine are absent from plants, and hydroxyproline is negligible in many plant-source foods. Consumption of 30 g dry beef can fully meet daily physiological needs of the healthy 70-kg adult human for taurine and carnosine, and can also provide large amounts of creatine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline to improve human nutrition and health, including metabolic, retinal, immunological, muscular, cartilage, neurological, and cardiovascular health. The present review provides the public with the much-needed knowledge of nutritionally and physiologically significant amino acids, dipeptides and creatine in animal-source foods (including beef). Dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline are beneficial for preventing and treating obesity, cardiovascular dysfunction, and ageing-related disorders, as well as inhibiting tumorigenesis, improving skin and bone health, ameliorating neurological abnormalities, and promoting well being in infants, children and adults. Furthermore, these nutrients may promote the immunological defense of humans against infections by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses (including coronavirus) through enhancing the metabolism and functions of monocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the immune system. Red meat (including beef) is a functional food for optimizing human growth, development and health.

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“…It is found in large amounts in muscle and brain tissue. It is known to mitigate acidosis due to its buffering capacity, to act as an antioxidant, and to improve excitation-contraction coupling by regulating Ca 2+ fluxes in the sarcoplasmatic reticulum [183]. Several studies have shown that carnosine supplementation improves performance capacity, especially for high intensity exercise [184][185][186][187][188].…”

Section: The Effect Of 8 Weeks Of Dt On Muscle Metabolic Profile Of M Pectoralis and M Vastus Lateralismentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexibility of equine bioenergetics and muscle plasticity in response to different types of training: An integrative approach, questioning existing paradigms

et al. 2021

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Equine bioenergetics have predominantly been studied focusing on glycogen and fatty acids. Combining omics with conventional techniques allows for an integrative approach to broadly explore and identify important biomolecules. Friesian horses were aquatrained (n = 5) or dry treadmill trained (n = 7) (8 weeks) and monitored for: evolution of muscle diameter in response to aquatraining and dry treadmill training, fiber type composition and fiber cross-sectional area of the M. pectoralis, M. vastus lateralis and M. semitendinosus and untargeted metabolomics of the M. pectoralis and M. vastus lateralis in response to dry treadmill training. Aquatraining was superior to dry treadmill training to increase muscle diameter in the hindquarters, with maximum effect after 4 weeks. After dry treadmill training, the M. pectoralis showed increased muscle diameter, more type I fibers, decreased fiber mean cross sectional area, and an upregulated oxidative metabolic profile: increased β-oxidation (key metabolites: decreased long chain fatty acids and increased long chain acylcarnitines), TCA activity (intermediates including succinyl-carnitine and 2-methylcitrate), amino acid metabolism (glutamine, aromatic amino acids, serine, urea cycle metabolites such as proline, arginine and ornithine) and xenobiotic metabolism (especially p-cresol glucuronide). The M. vastus lateralis expanded its fast twitch profile, with decreased muscle diameter, type I fibers and an upregulation of glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway activity, and increased branched-chain and aromatic amino acid metabolism (cis-urocanate, carnosine, homocarnosine, tyrosine, tryptophan, p-cresol-glucuronide, serine, methionine, cysteine, proline and ornithine). Trained Friesians showed increased collagen and elastin turn-over. Results show that branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids and microbiome-derived xenobiotics need further study in horses. They feed the TCA cycle at steps further downstream from acetyl CoA and most likely, they are oxidized in type IIA fibers, the predominant fiber type of the horse. These study results underline the importance of reviewing existing paradigms on equine bioenergetics.

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An update on carnosine and anserine research

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Metabolomic Profiling of Amino Acids in Human Plasma Distinguishes Diabetic Kidney Disease From Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Metabolomic Profiling of Amino Acids in Human Plasma Distinguishes Diabetic Kidney Disease From Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health

Flexibility of equine bioenergetics and muscle plasticity in response to different types of training: An integrative approach, questioning existing paradigms

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