An unusual bloom of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea off the central Oregon, USA, coast in autumn 2009

Du, Xiuning; Peterson, William T.; McCulloch, Anita; Liu, Guangxing

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2011.06.011

Cited by 70 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…However, it is also clear from the water sampling data that at least portions of the bloom did reach the shore during this period (Fig. 5B) and that the bloom was also present along the coastline of Oregon (Du et al 2011), but did not result in elevated rates of carcass deposition there. Although the Washington coastline is not considered a retentive system, the wide shelf, the relatively weak upwelling winds and the frequent presence of the plume from the Columbia River along the coast north of the river mouth during storms (Hickey & Banas 2008) likely result in this region retaining particles, including HABs, for longer periods than, by comparison, the Oregon coast (Siedlecki et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…This study, in combination with White et al (2014), reveals the precise set, and perhaps more importantly, order of conditions necessary to produce an MME of this magnitude. The 2009 A. sanguinea bloom was unusual in that it occurred during a period of relaxed upwelling and warm temperatures, followed by a resumption of upwelling (Du et al 2011, White et al 2014 Table 3. Incidence of sequential environmental conditions identified as requirements for an Akashiwo sanguinea foam event along the outer coast of Washington State, evaluated from 1 August to 30 November, from 1998 to 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the observed conditions prior to the marine bird mortality events in 2009, we determined thresholds of τ y to proxy upwelling and onshore transport favourable conditions, and significant wave height to model hydrodynamic disturbance. These thresholds were compared to the recorded environmental conditions from 1998 to 2015 in the August to November time period, which coincides with the timing of the seabird MMEs and more frequent dinoflagellate blooms (Jester et al 2009, Du et al 2011.…”

Section: Environmental Conditions and Bloom Landfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass mortality of marine birds in the Northeast Pacific caused by Akashiwo sanguinea

Jones¹,

Parrish²,

Punt³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are dense concentrations of phytoplankton that can have deleterious effects on marine life. We documented two of the largest marine bird mortality events ever definitively ascribed to a single HAB, the cause of which was death resulting from plumage fouling by surfactant-like proteins produced by the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea. The two mortality events were observed along the coast of Washington State in September and October 2009, collectively representing an estimated deposition of 10 500 carcasses, of which the majority were surf scoters, white-winged scoters and common murres. Each mortality event was coincident in space and time with observed bloom landfall, with each event preceded by a similar chain of environmental conditions. Prior to each event, the presence of A. sanguinea and upwelling-favourable conditions likely led to bloom proliferation. In both cases, this period was followed by conditions that transported the senescent bloom into the nearshore environment, whereupon subsequent wave action lysed A. sanguinea cells, creating foam that contained surfactant-like compounds. This sequence of conditions, exacerbated by the presence of aggregations of marine birds in wing moult, appear to be the necessary requirements for marine bird mortality of this scale due to foam-induced plumage fouling. This mechanism of HAB-induced mortality may become more prevalent in the California Current System given the apparent increasing occurrence of HABs and the broad environmental tolerances exhibited by A. sanguinea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Conditions and Bloom Landfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mass mortality of marine birds in the Northeast Pacific caused by Akashiwo sanguinea

Jones¹,

Parrish²,

Punt³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The death of thousands of seabirds (e.g., surf scoters -Melanitta perspicillata Linnaeus, white wing scoters -Melanitta deglandi Bonaparte, common murre -Uria aalge Pontoppidan, Pacific loonGavia pacifica Lawrence, northern fulmar -Fulmarus glacialis Linnaeus, and western grebes) during September and October 2009 off WA, OR, and CA was attributed to surfactant-like substances produced by a bloom of A. sanguinea (Jessup et al, 2009;Du et al, 2011;Phillips et al, 2011). The dinoflagellateproduced foam destroys the waterproof layer of feathers that keeps seabirds dry, restricting flight and leading to hypothermia.…”

Section: Other Habsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This bloom extended into Oregon in October to November 2009 and was possibly related to a combination of a prior diatom bloom, a stratified water column with low nutrient concentrations, and an active upwelling event in October. The source of the bloom was thought to be the WA coast (Du et al, 2011).…”

Section: Other Habsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmful algal blooms along the North American west coast region: History, trends, causes, and impacts

et al. 2012

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A B S T R A C TAlong the Pacific coast of North America, from Alaska to Mexico, harmful algal blooms (HABs) have caused losses to natural resources and coastal economies, and have resulted in human sicknesses and deaths for decades. Recent reports indicate a possible increase in their prevalence and impacts of these events on living resources over the last 10-15 years. Two types of HABs pose the most significant threat to coastal ecosystems in this ''west coast'' region: dinoflagellates of the genera Alexandrium, Gymnodinium, and Pyrodinium that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia that produce domoic acid (DA), the cause of amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) in humans. These species extend throughout the region, while problems from other HABs (e.g., fish kills linked to raphidophytes or Cochlodinium, macroalgal blooms related to invasive species, sea bird deaths caused by surfactant-like proteins produced by Akashiwo sanguinea, hepatotoxins from Microcystis, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning from Dinophysis, and dinoflagellate-produced yessotoxins) are less prevalent but potentially expanding. This paper presents the stateof-knowledge on HABs along the west coast as a step toward meeting the need for integration of HAB outreach, research, and management efforts.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Phytoplankton Community Structure in 2011–2013 Compared to the Extratropical Warming Event of 2014–2015

Peterson

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Coastal waters of the Northern California Current experienced “normal” ocean conditions in 2011–2012, weak upwelling in 2013–2014, then suddenly warmed in September 2014. The response of phytoplankton community structure to contrasting ocean conditions was determined from samples collected off Newport, Oregon. Cluster analysis identified three prominent phytoplankton community types: one that occurred during the upwelling season characterized by the highest abundance and diversity of diatoms, a preupwelling/relaxation community characterized by lower abundance, lowest diversity of diatoms and dinoflagellates, and another one associated with the warm anomalies from September 2014 through 2015 with reduced diatom abundance and diversity but the highest dinoflagellate diversity. The changes of diatom and dinoflagellate community were correlated with local factors (silicate, silicate: nitrate ratios, temperature, and salinity), and with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.

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An unusual bloom of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea off the central Oregon, USA, coast in autumn 2009

Cited by 70 publications

References 20 publications

Mass mortality of marine birds in the Northeast Pacific caused by Akashiwo sanguinea

Mass mortality of marine birds in the Northeast Pacific caused by Akashiwo sanguinea

Harmful algal blooms along the North American west coast region: History, trends, causes, and impacts

Phytoplankton Community Structure in 2011–2013 Compared to the Extratropical Warming Event of 2014–2015

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