An Ultrastable Porous Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane/Tetraphenylthiophene Hybrid as a High-Performance Electrode for Supercapacitors

Abstract

In this study, we synthesized three hybrid microporous polymers through Heck couplings of octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) with 2,5-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD-Br2), tetrabromothiophene (Th-Br4), and 2,5-bis(4-bromophenyl)-3,4-diphenylthiophene (TPTh-Br2), obtaining the porous organic–inorganic polymers (POIPs) POSS-OXD, POSS-Th, and POSS-TPTh, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid state 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy confirmed their chemical structures. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that, among these three systems, the POSS-Th POIP possessed the highest thermal stability (T5: 586 °C; T10: 785 °C; char yield: 90 wt%), presumably because of a strongly crosslinked network formed between its OVS and Th moieties. Furthermore, the specific capacity of the POSS-TPTh POIP (354 F g−1) at 0.5 A g−1 was higher than those of the POSS-Th (213 F g−1) and POSS-OXD (119 F g−1) POIPs. We attribute the superior electrochemical properties of the POSS-TPTh POIP to its high surface area and the presence of electron-rich phenyl groups within its structure.

Ultrastable Three-Dimensional Triptycene- and Tetraphenylethene-Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Energy Storage

“…The knee frequencies for the Try-Ph-Th, Try-Ph-Py, and Try-Ph-TPE CMPs were 93.42, 17.29, and 127.5 Hz, respectively. Thus, the knee frequency of the Try-Ph-TPE CMP was higher than those of the other electrodes, suggesting its extraordinary performance when employed as an electrode material in energy storage applications. − …”

“…Figure c displays the frequency-dependent magnitude Bode plots, revealing lines with negative slope in the low-frequency region, along with modest resistance in the higher-frequency region. From this information, we predicted extraordinary capacitive behavior for all three of these porous materials when used as electrode materials for energy application. − …”

Construction of Porous Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Polymers Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane for Energy Storage and Hydrogen Production from Water

“…Supercapacitors (SCs) are regarded as an alternative technology to fuel cells, the usual capacitor, and batteries. They acquired widespread interest compared with other batteries and conventional capacitors due to their lower environmental impact, prolonged cycle life, and higher power capability [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. SCs have two common types: electrode–electrolyte interfaces in electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), which are followed by physical adsorption; and pseudocapacitors, which involve faradaic interactions that occur between the electrolyte and organic moieties or active metal oxides [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Effect of POSS Size on the Porosity and Adsorption Performance of Hybrid Porous Polymers

“…Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS, (R-SiO 1.5 ) n , n = 6, 8, 10, 12, etc. ), are one class of nanosized hybrid nanoblocks of interest in many research areas, including self-organized system-related materials, − polymer nanocomposites, − and inorganic–organic hybrid functional coatings. − With the rigid three-dimensional (3D) configuration, high reactivity, and hybrid nature, , in particular, an intriguing feature of similarity to the secondary building units of zeolites, POSS have also been considered as ideal nanoblocks to develop advanced HPPs. ,− To date, many studies on the geometry effect of aromatic linking units, such as linear-, planar-, tetrahedral-, propeller-, and ladder-like units, ,,− have revealed that the topological combination of POSS with these linking units can tune the porosity and yield various POSS-based porous materials (PPMs) with high performance. However, most studies on PPMs focused on T 8 POSS, and studies on the geometry effect of larger POSS such as T 10 , T 12 , and other compounds are limited (Figure a).…”