An ultrafast charging polyphenylamine-based cathode material for high rate lithium, sodium and potassium batteries

Abstract

Metal-free environmentally friendly polyamine-basedPDPPDcathodes delivered promising capacities and impressive rate capabilities (>100C) in Li, Na and K batteries.

Organic Electrode Materials for Non-aqueous K-Ion Batteries

“…PDPPD can deliver a capacity of 63 mA•h/g in the KPF 6 -based electrolyte at 1 C (Fig. 9b), whereas the corresponding capacity in lithium and sodium half-cells were 97 and 94 mA•h/g, respectively [75]. Another kind of polyarylamine-type cathode, poly(N-phenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine) (p-DPPZ, No.…”

“…9 The reaction mechanism and galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of a PTPAn/graphite-based dual-ion batteries, reproduced with permission [74]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society, b PDPPD electrodes, reproduced with permission [75]. Copyright 2019, The Royal Society of Chemistry, c p-DPPZ electrodes, reproduced with permission [76].…”

Aqueous Calcium‐Ion Battery Based on a Mesoporous Organic Anode and a Manganite Cathode with Long Cycling Performance

“…On the anode side, four pairs of redox peaks are observeda tÀ0. 21 ty of 100 mA g À1 (Figure 6b). The rate ability of the full cell was illustrated by the discharge capacities of 122.3, 121.6, 84.9, 78, and 60 mAh g À1 ,w hich were achieved at current densities of 50, 100,2 00, 300, and 500 mA g À1 ,r espectively,i mplying an outstanding rate performance (Figure 6c).…”

“…The Ca 2p 1/2 and Ca 2p 3/2 peaks at 350.9 and 327.1 eV,respectively,w ere clearly observed for the electrode discharged to À0.85 V. For the fresh electrode, the C1sX PS spectrum showedp eaks for C=C, CÀC, C=O, and OÀC=Oa t2 84.8, 285.0, 287.2, and 290.8 eV,r espectively. [21] After discharging to À0.85 V, an ew peak for the CÀO group appeared at 285.5 eV,w hile the intensity of the C=O bands decreased, indicating conversion through enolization during storage. For the O1sX PS spectrum, the C=Oa nd O-Si-Op eaks were observed at 531.8 and 528.5 eV,r espectively,f or the fresh electrode.…”

“…[18] To date, most studies on CIBs have focusedo nn onaqueous batteries, but CIBs still face severalc hallenges, such as problematic compatibilityb etween calcium metal and the electrolyte solution.I fu sed as the cathode in CIBs, CuHCF and K 2 BaFe(CN) 6 showed specific capacities of 183 and5 5.8 mAh g À1 ,r espectively,a nd ac apacity retention of only 58 %f or up to 150 cycles. [19][20][21][22][23] In addition, Lee and Jeong [17] reported the use of CuHCF as ac athode in Ca(NO 3 ) 2 /H 3 O + = 1:7.5 and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 /H 3 O + = 1:62 aqueous solutionso fC a(NO 3 ) 2 in at hree-electrodec ell with ac apacity retention of 97 %after 150 cycles.…”