An ultra‐wideband rectenna using optically transparent Vivaldi antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting

Abstract

This paper presents a novel ultra‐wideband rectenna which consists of a transparent Vivaldi antenna and a wideband rectifying circuit for radio frequency energy harvesting. The antenna is realized on a 2.2‐mm‐thick soda‐lime glass substrate coated with fluorine‐doped tin oxide of thickness 650 nm. It provides an optical transmittance greater than 80% in the visible region. The rectifying circuit with a cascaded matching network and the Greinacher doubler circuit are fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a thickness of 0.8 mm. The antenna provides the best matching characteristics and the realized peak gain is 3.2 dBi. The designed matching network enables maximum power transfer from the antenna to the rectifier. The rectenna provides a peak power conversion efficiency of 69% for −10 dBm input power. The proposed antenna can be realized on the windscreen of automobiles and glass windows without causing any obstruction to normal view.

Quad-port multiservice integrated optically transparent automotive antenna for vehicular classification applications

“… Refs. Size ( λ 0 × λ 0 ) Substrate Conductive surface Frequency (GHz) Number of operating bands Gain (dBi) Efficiency (%) No of Elements Fabrication Type 15 8.54 × 8.54 Plexiglass AgHT-8 2.44, 3.7 2* 3.6, 7.1 74, 84 2 Pasting of thin film 16 0.312 × 0.4 Soda lime glass FTO/ITO 2.4–11 1** 2 60 2 Sputtering and etching 18 0.63 × 059 Soda lime FTO 3–11 1** 3.2 50 1 Sputtering 19 0.326 × 0.571 Soda lime FTO 4.9 1* 5.14 90 1 Sputtering 28 0.5 × 0.6 PET AgHT-8 3–13 1** −2 20 1 Pasti...…”

“…But increasing the thickness increases the efficiency. So, trade-off have to be maintained among thickness, optical transmittance, and efficiency 18 , 19 . The surface resistance is calculated by Eq.…”

A Highly Transparent Flexible Antenna Based on Liquid Metal Mesh Film

“…Conductive materials are also indispensable as the key element for transparent antennas. Most existing studies use transparent conductive oxides as conductor materials, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) [1,12,13] and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) [22,23]. However, conductive oxides have problems of large square resistance and high brittleness.…”

An optically transparent circularly polarized ultrahigh‐frequency radio frequency identification reader antenna

“…As most of the papers on reader antenna work with non-transparent materials, this paper addresses the challenges in the design of the optically transparent antenna while retaining all the requirements of reader antenna with the added advantage of improved esthetics and ability to integrate easily. Though several optically transparent antennas [12][13][14][15] are proposed in the literature for different applications, optically transparent reader antennas are not yet explored in the literature.…”