An ultra low power, high performance Medical Implant Communication System (MICS) transceiver for implantable devices

Abstract

Abstract-A 402-405 MHz MICS band transceiver has been developed for implantable medical applications. The transceiver offers exceptionally low power consumption whilst providing a high data rate. The circuit features a unique ultra low power wakeup system enabling an average sleep current of less than 250 nA. The transmit and receive current is less than 5 mA when operating at a data rate of up to 800 kbps. System integration is high and only 3 external components (crystal and 2 decoupling capacitors) and a matching network are required. The transceiver can also operate in the 433 MHz ISM band. The key system design features and performance of this transceiver are presented in this paper.

Wearable Electroencephalography

“…It can thus be clearly seen that the transmitter will dominate the system power consumption in both cases, and this is not accounting for the power needed to control the transmitter or to store the data to be transmitted. The overall system power is thus optimally reduced by focusing on the transceiver stage, and the design of robust transceivers for short-range low-power applications has seen extensive research and development from various academic and commercial groups around the world in recent years [46]- [48]. Instead of continuing this trend, we propose to reduce the overall power consumption by including some local signal processing, which will reduce or compress the data to be transmitted, presenting a lower data rate to the transceiver.…”

A 2mW CMOS MICS-band BFSK transceiver with reconfigurable antenna interface

“…Low power transceivers using the Medical Implantable Communication Services (MICS) standard are becoming key devices in the modern health care system such as patient's remote monitoring or drug release control [1] [2]. In addition to small size, low unit cost and long battery life are the most critical aspects of MICS devices.…”

“…On the receiver side, superregenerative architecture using On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation is reported in [3], while Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) implementations using direct conversion or low-IF systems are presented in [4][5]. A dual-receiver system supporting both OOK and FSK has been also reported [2].…”

MRI-based communication for untethered intelligent medical microrobots

“…Bradley et al [20] proposed a 402-405 MHz, MICS band transceiver for implantable medical devices which features a low power consumption and a high data transmission rate. However, none of the aforementioned methods are applicable to communicate with a sub-milimetric microrobot due to the lack of power supply and the large size of the receiver antenna.…”

“…In our proposed microrobot, we use a photovoltaic cell as a power supply as presented in [18] while an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) could be exploited as a sensor and a miniature coil acts as a transmitter. The communication methods for in-vivo application are mainly investigated in the literature for medical implants [19][20][21][22][23][24] such as implantable pacemakers and defibrillators [20,25,26], insulin pumps [21], hearing aids [22] or robotic endoscopy [27][28][29][30]. For instance, Ghovanloo et al [19] developed a high-rate phase-coherent FSK modulation protocol, a wideband inductive link, and three FSK demodulator circuits which are used in wireless implantable neural micro stimulation.…”